15832042
Description
Flashcards by Abby Bickle, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Abby Bickle
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Major constituents of the Endocrine system | female ovaries, male testes, and the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands |
| sex steroids | androgens (masculinizing) and estrogens (feminizing) |
| estrogen resembling contaminants | PCBs and Bisphenol-A; cause estrogen like response/block natural estrogen |
| Effects of Metals on Reproduction of Fish | Deleterious effects on reproductive gland growth, hormone concentration, sex expression, oogenesis + lipid content in ooplasm, fertilization success, and sperm motility |
| Effects of Metals on Other Taxa | Polychaetes + corals: Change in #no of eggs fertilized → toxicity to sperm and eggs Echinoderms: no effects on sperm motility |
| Effects of Metals on Crustaceans | Deleterious effects on reproductive glands, egg production and yolk content, hatching rates, maturation, growth, and molting |
| Effects of Metals on Mollusks | Deleterious effects on fertility (imposex + sterilization), levels of sex free/esterified hormones, gamete maturation/expression, GSI, sexual maturation, and sperm motility |
| Effects of Organics on Crustaceans | deleterious effects on gonadal development, hatching success, offspring mortality, development, and mating success |
| Effects of Organics on Fish | deleterious effects on hormone levels, gonad development/growth, sperm count, egg/oocyte development, migratory/reproductive behavior, offspring survival, hatching rate/fecundity, and offspring development |
| Effects of Organics on Mollusks | deleterious effects on gonad development/function, gamete development/maturation, gamete production, and offspring development |
| Effects of Organics on Other Taxa | deleterious effects on reproductive success, sex hormone levels, thyroid steroids, larvae release, fertilization, and offspring development/survival |
| Effects of Climate Change on Fish | higher susceptibility to other pollutants, alteration in reproductive investment/habits |
| Effects of Climate Change/Acidification on Crustaceans | little deleterious effect (some hormesis), but at higher levels -> delayed hatching, reduced hatching success, and decreased offspring development/growth |
| Effects of Acidification on Other Taxa | Corals - reduced sperm count + motility Echinoderms - no effects |
| Effects of hypoxia on fish | reduced gonad growth |
| Effects of Hypoxia on Crustaceans | deleterious effects on offspring survival, fertility; resistant species in estuaries -> only slower brood production |
| Effects of CECs on Fish | deleterious effects on sex hormone production, fertilization, gonad development, and spawning success |
| CuO vs CuCl2 effects on Mollusk reproduction | nano-CuO had more deleterious effects on reproduction than CuCl2 |
| Effects of Polluted Sites on Fish | deleterious effects on gonadal development, hormone levels, reproductive behavior, egg production/development, fertilization + fecundity, offspring survival, and sexual maturation |
| Effects of Polluted Sites on Crustaceans | deleterious effects on sex expression/hormone levels, egg development/survival, body size, and offspring production |
| Effects of Polluted Sites on Mollusks | deleterious effects on spawning rate/period, gametogenesis, oocyte resorption, sex expression, fertilization, offspring survival, and populations of reproductive individuals |
| Effects of polluted sites on Other taxa | Corals: though hormone levels were altered by steroid pollution, no effects on reproductive success were observed |
| Overall Effects on Fish | Deleterious effects on gonad development/growth, hormone concentration, sex expression, oogenesis + lipid content in ooplasm, fertilization success, sperm count and motility , migratory/reproductive behavior, offspring survival, hatching rate/fecundity, spawning success, susceptibility to other pollutants, and offspring development |
| Overall Effects on Crustaceans | Deleterious effects on gonadal development/growth, sex expression, hormone levels, fertility, egg production and yolk content, egg survival, hatching rates/success, offspring mortality/development, body size, sexual maturation, and mating success |
| Overall Effects on Mollusks | Deleterious effects on fertility (imposex + sterilization), sex expression, levels of free/esterified sex hormones, gamete development/maturation/expression, oocyte resorption, GSI, sexual maturation, sperm motility, fertilization, gonad development/function, spawning rate/period, offspring development/survival, and populations of reproductive individuals |
| Overall Effects on Other Taxa | polychaetes: Change in #no of eggs fertilized (toxicity to sperm and eggs); corals: Change in #no of eggs fertilized (toxicity to sperm and eggs), fewer breeding colony populations, lower ovary count, premature ejection of larvae, abnormal larval behavior, reduced growth, reduced gonad size, decreased sperm count/motility, Mammals: premature birth, decreased reproductive success, hormone levels, |
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