1583978
Description
Flashcards by Kelly Van Orden, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kelly Van Orden
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| -Mao Zedong and Propaganda | • Mao Zedong- leader of the communist party • Died September 6th, 1976 |
| -China after Mao Zedong | • 1970s- Zhou Enlai- Premier of China (since 1949) • Zhou Enlai wanted to open trade with the west -President Richard Nixon met with Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong in China in 1972 to discuss trade • Gang of Four tried to take over→ imprisoned • Deng Xiaoping took over: four modernizations |
| -Tiananmen Square | • June 3-4, 1989 • Located in Beijing • Student protest • The government cracked down on pro-democracy movement • Thousands of students were wounded and/or killed • Chinese government arrested, tortured, and/or executed student leaders • Chinese government remains strong in communism • Influenced other world events, such as the fall of the Berlin Wall |
| -Socialist China and Mao’s Policies | • Mao Zedong was influenced by Karl Marx • Mao believed the peasants would rise up and want socialism |
| -Japanese Invasion of China | • Japan invaded heartland of China in 1937 -Shanghai: November 8th -Nanjing: December 1937 • “The Rape of Nanjing” -300,000 people tortured, raped, and killed |
| Foreign Affairs | • China allied with North Korea in the Korean War (1950-1953) -sent 300,000 soldiers • China received economic support from the Soviet Union (1950-1953) -helped build infrastructure -roads, canals, bridges |
| -Long March | • 1934-1935 • Communists forced to escape from Nationalists • Ruijin to Shaanxi • 6,000 mile journey through swampland, mountains, and freezing climates • 100,000 communists started journey; only 7,000 survived • Symbol of hardship • Leader= Mao Zedong |
| -Chinese Civil War | • 1930-1938, 1946-1949 • Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931 • Japan invaded heartland of China in 1937 -Shanghai: November 8th -Nanjing: December 1937 • “The Rape of Nanjing” -300,000 people tortured, raped, and killed World War II: 1939-1945 • The Communists and Nationalists put the Chinese Civil War on hold and united in order to fight the outsiders (Japanese) • Communists ruled in the north • Nationalists ruled in the south After World War II • Chinese Civil War resumed -Foreign support -USA supported nationalists -Soviet Union supported communists • Peasants supported Communists • Communists won due to overwhelming support of peasants • In 1949, Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan |
| -Cultural Revolution | • 1966-1976 • The Red Guard: read the “Little Red Book” • Renewed “redness vs. expertise” -Conflict between Marxist ideals and technical knowledge Effects: • Mao reclaimed himself leader of China • Communism became stronger • Failed: schools and factories closed -Mass chaos -Deep wounds: people were tortured and killed |
| -Mao Zedong | • October 1949: proclaimed: “The People’s Republic of China” • Died September 6th, 1976 |
| -Manchuria | • Invaded by Japan in September 1931 |
| -Red Guard | • Students who supported Mao Zedong -Read the “Little Red Book” • Renewed “redness vs. expertise” -conflict between Marxist ideals and technical knowledge |
| Little Red Book | • Read by the red guard |
| -Rape of Nanjing | -300,000 people tortured, raped, and killed |
| Great Leap Forward | • 1958-1963 • Communes • Mao wanted to increase steal output= failed • Great Leap Forward→ failed→ no incentive to work hard (government profited everything) |
| Communism | • Mao Zedong was influenced by Karl Marx • Mao believed the peasants would rise up and want socialism |
| -Propaganda | • Spread of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause |
| -Hong Kong | • Transferred back to China on July 1st, 1997 • Former British colony • China promises economic and political liberties for 50 years |
| -Macau | • Transferred back to China on December 20th, 1999 • Formerly Portuguese colony |
| Totalitarian State | • Government where every aspect of citizens’ lives are controlled through a single-party dictatorship |
| Jiang Jieshi | • (formerly known as Chiang Kai-Shek) leader of the Kuomintang and China- began executing communists |
| -Gang of Four | • Jiang Qing (Mao’s widow) and three associates; radical faction that tried to replace Mao after his death • These people were held responsible for the cultural revolution (failure) • Imprisoned |
| -Karl Marx | • Wrote “The Communist Manifesto” with Frederick Engels |
| -Collective Farming | • Farming operated and managed under government direction • Agrarian reform law of 1950 |
| -People’s Republic of China | • October 1949: proclaimed: “The People’s Republic of China” |
| Zhou Enlai | • 1970s- premier of China (since 1949) • Wanted to open trade with the west • Met with Pres. Richard Nixon and Mao Zedong in 1972 to discuss trade • Died January 8th, 1976 |
| Commune | • Collective farms where many people lived and worked together |
| -Deng Xiaoping | • 1976-1997 • New leader • Four modernizations • Used realistic and capitalistic policies • “Black cat, white cat, who cares as long as it catches mice.” • Economic growth was most important |
| -Four Modernizations | • Modernize economy • Expand industry • Develop science and technology • Improve defense forces |
| -Fifth Modernization | • Controversial poster in 1978 calling for the government to add democracy to the four modernizations • Wei Jingsheng (political activist) |
| -Richard Nixon | • Met with Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong in China in 1972 • Discussed trade -diplomatic relations |
| -Jiang Zemin | • 1993-2003 • Skilled, flexible, and practical • No military experience |
| Hu Jintao | • 2003-2013 • Supports market economy • Meetings with president George Bush • Meetings with president Barack Obama • Beijing hosted the 2008 summer olympics |
| -Charter ‘08 | • Controversial human rights document in China • Written by Chinese intellectuals and human rights people • Lu Xiaobo, one of the authors, is in jail • Won Nobel peace prize in 2010 |
| -One-Child Policy | • Deng Xiaoping started policy in 1979 • Only applies to urban settings • Estimates: 300 million fewer births in the last 20 years • In rural areas, if 1st child is a girl, then 2nd child is allowed • Policy leads to forced abortions and sterilizations • Violators face hefty fines, seizure of property, and/or loss of jobs • Policy worsens aging crisis- less worker to support older people |
| -Economy | • China had double-digit growth from 2004-2011 • 2nd largest economy in the world • Economy slowed in 2012 |
| -Cheap Labor | • China was providing cheap labor to the world- this is changing though • Approximately 8 out of 10 things in the world are made in China • Cambodia, India, and Vietnam even cheaper labor |
| -Pollution | • China has poor air quality due to the many factories and coal production • China produces and uses the most coal in the world |
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