1619465
Description
Flashcards by minadubois17, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by minadubois17
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cell Cycle | event's of a typical cell's life -includes cell division -most is interphase |
| Interphase | = 80-90% of cell's life |
| Sub-Phases | G, -gap phase 1-cell growth and differentiation |
| Growth | -cell metabolism |
| Differentiation | -cell becoming specialized-longest phase |
| S phase | -synthesis-replication of DNA |
| G2 | -more cell growth -replicate organelle's -then cell's enter mitosis |
| Go | -during G, -non-dividing phase |
| Chromosome | -a strand of DNA that has a certain number of genes on it |
| Gene | -instruction to make a protein |
| Diploid | -two sets of chromosomes-2n=46 |
| Centromere | -holds replicated strands of DNA together |
| Sister-chromatids | -replicated chromosomes still held together |
| Karotype | -picture of chromosomes |
| Mitosis | -cell division of body cells -1-2n cell-->2-2n cells 2n=diploid =46 for humans n=23-haploid |
| Mitosis 1. Prophase | -chromosomes condense -nucleus starts to dissolve -centrioles produce spindle fibers -centrioles migrate to each pole -spindle fibers attach to both sides of the centromere, one for each sister chromatid |
| 2. Metaphase | -all chromosomes line up along the equator of cell called metaphase plate -centromere divides, separating sister chromatids |
| 3. Anaphase | -sister chromatids, which are now individual strands, get pulled toward opposite poles -cell elongates in the middle |
| 4. Telophase | -cell pinches in the middle -2 new nuclei form -chromosomes stretch out |
| Cytokinesis | -Final cell division forming 2 new daughter cells -identical to parent cell |
| Plant Mitosis | -stages & events are the same -plants start to form new wall during late Anaphase |
| Meiosis | -production of reproductive cells -only occurs in reproductive organs |
| Gamete | - a reproductive cell -n=haploid -genetically different |
| Meiosis 1 1. Prophase 1 | -chromosomes condense -nucleus dissolves -spindle fiber forms -homologus chromosomes link up in synapsis -crossing over may occur as homologus pull apart in late prophase |
| Homologous chromosome | -the same # chromosomes of a pair -same size, same genes, not identical -spindle fibers only attach to one side of centromere |
| Crossing Over | -homologous chromosomes as they pull apart may switch parts of their chromosomes -normal common event that increases genetic diversity |
| Anuploidy | -incorrect amount of chromosomes formed from a crossing over event that did not occur correctly -partial-additions or deleting -complete chromosomes-trisomy or monosomy |
| Trisomy | ex. chromosomes alot bigger, most severe-->13, 18, 21<--less severe |
| 2. Metaphase 1 | -chromosomes line up double line along metaphase plate -chromosomes line up randomly called random assortment -increases genetic diversity 23! |
| 3. Anaphase 1 | -cell stretches in the middle -spindle fibers contract pulling replicated copies of chromosomes to the poles |
| 4. Telophase 1 | -cell pinches in the middle -nuclei do not completely form |
| Cytokinesis 1 | -cell split -Interphase does not occur! |
| Meiosis 2 1. Prophase 2 | -chromosomes re-condense -spindle fibers form and attach to both sides of centromere -centrioles vibrate to poles |
| 2. Metaphase 2 | -all chromosomes line up single file along metaphase plate -centromeres divide, separating the sister chromatids |
| 3. Anaphase 2 | -cells stretch in the middle -spindle fibers contract, pulling individual strands towards the poles |
| 4. Telophase 2 | -cells pinch in the middle -nuclei form -chromosomes relax |
| Cytokenesis 2 | -cells finally divide into genetically different haploid cells |
| Spermatogenesis | -sperm formation -process starts at puberty -produce millions per day -process may never end with age -for every 4 haploid cells produced, they become 4 sperm cells -lose volume, gain flagella |
| Oogenesis | -egg formation -process starts during fetal development -process freezes, then resumes during puberty -process stops at meopause -produce in low-thousands one reaches maturity per menstural cycle -for every 4 haploid cells produced, one egg cell is produced |
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