17290653
Description
Flashcards by Hannah Boyer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hannah Boyer
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define chemical pathways: Catabolism, | Metabolic pathways that break down larger molecules into smaller ones |
| Define chemical pathways: Anabolism | Metabolic pathways that build larger molecules from smaller ones |
| What are components (B-vitamins) of NAD? | Niacin–containing coenzyme |
| What are components (B-vitamins) of FAD? | Riboflavin–containing coenzyme |
| Name the major metabolic hormones | Insulin, Glucagon, Cortisol, Epinephrine and the Thyroid Hormone |
| What is Insulin's function? | Attaches to special receptors on the cell membranes of adipocytes and muscle cells which is a signal to glucose transport proteins for glucose transport molecules to pass the monosaccharide across the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm |
| What is Glucagon's function? | Signals liver cells to increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis from glucogenic amino acids |
| What is Cortisol's function? | Promotes protein catabolism and stimulates the liver to increase its use of amino acids for gluconeogenesis as a “stress hormone,” because it is secreted in response to a variety of stressful situations |
| What is Epinephrine's function? | Stimulates catabolism by increasing glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle, as well as by increasing triglyceride breakdown (lipolysis) in adipose tissue. |
| What is the Thyroid Hormone's function? | Helps the body adapt to different situations by increasing or decreasing the rate of metabolism. |
| Name the enzyme that detoxifies alcohol in the stomach | Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase |
| Define Glycolysis and its function | First phase of glucose metabolism; Glucose converted into pyruvate |
| Define Glycogenolysis and its function | Energy is needed, no glucose readily available. Glycogen (from liver and muscles) converted into glucose |
| Define Gluconeogenesis and its function | The body can make glucose in the liver. Pyruvate is converted into glucose. |
| Define Glycogenesis and its function | Enables certain cells to store glucose as glycogen.Glucose is converted into glycogen. |
| Define Lipolysis and its function | First phase of fat metabolism.Triglycerides are converted into glycerol and fatty acids and released into the bloodstream. |
| Define Beta-oxidation and its function | Second phase of fat metabolism.Fatty acids are converted into Acetyl CoA |
| Define Fatty Acid Synthesis and its function | Chemical pathway for making fatty acids.Acetyl CoA is converted into fatty acids |
| Define Lipogenesis and its function | Chemical pathway for making fatty acids from glucose.Fatty acids and glycerol are converted into triglycerides |
| Define Ketogenesis and its function | Metabolic breakdown of fatty acids to produce ketone bodies.Excessive amounts of ketone bodies form |
| Define Ketoacidosis and its function | When even LARGER amounts of ketone bodies accumulated in the blood or urine.The body’s pH is lowered to dangerously acidic levels. Will cause loss of consciousness and death. |
| Define Proteolysis and its function | Breaking down proteins into amino acids.Proteins are converted into amino acids |
| Define Protein Synthesis and its function | Making of proteins.Amino acids are converted into proteins |
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