Flashcards
Heart Failure
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1Name 4 biopharmaceutical properties that affect the bioavailability of an oral drug- Release of drug from dosage form
- Stability in biological fluids
- Permeability
- Pre-systemic metabolism - 2What cell culture model is used to predict or measure permeability?Caco-2 cell model
- 3What class of drug is spironolactone?Aldosterone antagonist
- 4What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?Inhibits the effect of aldosterone, which increases the secretion of water and sodium, decreasing blood volume
- 5What is the main cause of left sided heart failure?Myocardial Infarction
- 6What is the main cause of right sided heart failure?Pulmonary hypertension
- 7Name three common symptoms of Heart FailureOedema
Fatigue
Breathlessness - 8Name 3 diagnostic tests used to confirm a diagnosis of heart failure- 2D doppler echocardiogram
- Raised Jugular Venous Pressure
- Brain Natriuretic Peptide levels - 9What two drugs used in the treatment of HF can cause hyperkalaemiaACE inhibitors and spironolactone
- 10What are the four aims for the treatment of Heart Failure?To maintain heart function
To relieve symptoms
To reduce morbidity
To reduce mortality - 11What four things should be monitored after initiating ACE inhibitor therapy?- Renal failure
- Potassium levels
- Cough
- Blood pressure - 12Name the 3 ACE inhibitor survival trials- SAVE
- CONSENSUS
- SOLVD - 13When should an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) be used in heart failure treatment?If intolerant of ACE inhibitors
- 14What three Beta blockers are used in the treatment of HF?Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Nebivolol - 15What is the name of the trial that showed a 30% reduction in risk of death when using spironolactone to treat heart failure?RALES
- 16What does HFpEF mean?Heart Failure with a preserved Ejection Fraction
- 17What does HFrEF mean?Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
- 18What are the 4 determinants of Cardiac Output?- Heart rate
- Preload
- Afterload
- Contractility - 19What is preload?The volume entering the ventricles
- 20What is afterload?The resistance ventricles must overcome to circulate blood
- 21What is heart failure with a reduced Ejection Fraction also known as?Systolic Heart Failure
- 22What is Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction also known as?Diastolic Heart Failure
- 23What is the short term effect of activating the sympathetic nervous system in HF?Improved pumping action
- 24What is the long term effect of activating the sympathetic nervous system in HF?Damage to the heart muscle tissue
- 25What level of BNP in the blood indicates no heart failure?< 100pg/ml