17800142
Description
Flashcards by Fxxxxxx Hxxxx Rxxxxx, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fxxxxxx Hxxxx Rxxxxx
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define blood | A tissue consisting of plasma in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended |
| Define heart | An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system |
| Define coronary heart disease | The coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle becomes narrow. A common cause is a buildup of fatty material on the lining of the vessel and this reduced the supply of oxygen to the muscle |
| Explain the adaptation of red blood cells | Red blood cells transport oxygen and carry it to the cells that need it It has biconcave disks (pushed in) giving them an increased surface area to volume ratio for diffusion Packed with a red pigment called haemoglobin which binds to the oxygen No nucleus making more space for the haemoglobin to carry more oxygen |
| Explain the adaption of white blood cells | White blood cells form part of our immune system against pathogens Lymphocytes that form antibodies Antitoxin production Phagocytosis |
| Explain the adaptation of plasma | Plasma is a yellow liquid with all the substances suspended in it Carries dissolved substances such as glucose, urea, water, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, amino acids, fatty acids and hormones |
| Explain the importance of platelets | They are small fragments of cells and they are important in the formation of blood clotting to prevent pathogens entering and to stop the loss of blood which can eventually lead to death |
| Explain the strucutre of arteries | Arteries carry blood away from the heart and is high in oxygen Thick muscular walls containg muscle and elastic fibres to stretch under pressure Narrow lumen to maintain high pressure and to ensure blodd flows quickly to all parts of the body |
| Explain the structure of veins | Veins carry blood towards the heart and is low in oxygen Does not have a pulse and has thinner walls and valves to prevent the backflow of blood Thick lumen |
| Explain the structure of capillaries | Links arteries and veins and blood flows in both directions Narrow with very thin permeable walls taht are one cell thick. This enable substances to diffuse easily in and out |
| Explain the route that blood takes in the heart | Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pumonary vien, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, rest of body, vena cava and then process repeats (VC, RA, RV, PA, L, PV, LA, LV, AO, EV, VC, AG) |
| Explain the purpose of a double circulatory system | Allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged more efficiently |
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of stents | A stent is used to keep the coronary arteries open.It's a metal mesh which dilates the vessel so more blood can flow Advantages are that it can open up a blocked or anrrowed artery anywhere in the body and it also releases drugs to prevent blood clotting Disadvantages are that the benefits don't justify the additional expenses |
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of statins | Statins reduce blood cholesterol levels and slows down the rate at which fatty material is deposited on the linings of the arteries Advantages are that it reduces cholesterol levels There are no disadvantages |
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of bypass surgery | Bypass surgery replaces narrow or blocked coronary arteries with bits of veins from other parts of the body Advantages are that it works for badly blocked arteries where stents won't work and it provides another route for the blood to flow Disadvantages are that it's expensive and there are risks associated with a general anaesthetic |
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical valves | In some people, heart valves may become faulty or leaky Advantages are that they last long and there is no chance of rejection Disadvantages are that the patient needs to take anti-couagulant drugs to prevent blood from clotting |
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of biological valves | In some people, heart valves may become faulty or leaky Advantages are that they work extremely well and there is no need for anti-coagulant drugs Disadvantages are that they don't last long and there is possible rejection from the immune system so immuno-suppressant drugs need to be taken |
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of artifical hearts | Artificial hearts can be used when your heart fails completely and when there are no heart donors Advantages are that it keeps a patient alive to giver their heart a rest and there is no rejection from immune system Disadvantages are that there is a risk of clotting and needs anti-coagulant drugs and is expensive |
| Explain the advantages and disadvantages of heart transplant | Heart transplant is when a donor gives away their heart when they die Advantages are that it gives the patient a better quality of life Disadvantges are that there is a short supply, rejection from immune system and needs immuno-suppressant drugs |
| Explain the role of pacemakers and artificial pacemakers | The rythm of a healthy heart is controlled by a group of cells found in the right atrium of your heart that acts as your natural pacemaker Artifiical pacemakers are electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate |
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