1827475
Description
Flashcards by Anna Bowring, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anna Bowring
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is crude oil? | It is a mixture of hydrocarbons which have different simple properties depending on the size of the molecule. |
| How is crude oil separated into fractions? | It is heated and passed into a fractionating column. Which fraction a certain hydrocarbon gets into depends on its boiling point. When it condenses into a liquid, it can be tapped off. The top of the fractionating column is cooler (40*) than the bottom (400*) |
| List the fractions in order, starting from the top to the bottom. | Refinery gases, gasoline (petrol), kerosine, diesel oil (gas oil), Fuel oil, bitumen. |
| What are refinery gases and what are the uses of refinery gases? | It's a mixture of methane, ethane, propane and butane, which can be separated into individual gases if needed. Are commonly used as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) for domestic heating and cooking. |
| What is gasoline and what are its uses? | Gasoline is petrol with hydrocarbons that have similar boiling points. It is used as petrol. |
| What is Kerosine and what are its uses? | It is used as fuel for jet aircraft, as domestic heating oil and as 'paraffin' for small heaters and lamps. |
| What is Diesel oil and what are its uses? | It's a gas oil and it's used for buses, lorries, some cars, and railways engines which haven't been electrified. Some is also cracked to make other organic chemicals and produce more petrol. |
| What are fuel oils' uses? | It's used for ships' boilers and for industrial heating. |
| What is Bitumen and what are its uses? | It's a thick, black material, and it's melted and mixed with rock chippings to make the top surfaces of roads. |
| What does cracking mean and why is it important? | Cracking - a useful process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken into smaller ones. It's important because it can make more amounts of a fraction that is needed, and it also converts hydrocarbons in crude oil into something more reactive, so therefore it's more useful. |
| What are the conditions for catalytic cracking? | - With a catalyst, it must be at 600-700*C - Without a catalyst it must be higher - The catalyst is a mixture of silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide - The gas oil fraction is heated to give a gas, then passed over a catalyst. |
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