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| Question | Answer |
| What are chromosomes made up of? | A series of genes. |
| What are the series of genes found in chromosomes made up of? | A substance called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which carries genetic material. |
| How many molecules of DNA does one chromosome have in a cell? | One single long molecule of DNA. |
| What is a DNA molecule made up of? | Two strands of units called nucleotides. |
| What is each nucleotide made up of? | A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a base. |
| What are the four types of bases called? | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine. |
| Explain the structure of a DNA molecule | A strong chemical bond forms between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of the other. |
| How do two DNA strands become joined together? | By hydrogen bonds forming between their bases. |
| Explain the base pairing rule | Each base can only join with one other kind of base. Each member is complementary to its partner. Adenine always joins with Thymine, and Guanine always joins with Cytosine. |
| What is the double helix? | Two strands of DNA twisted together. |
| How many base pairs are there for each complete turn of the double helix? | Ten |
| What does DNA carry? | Information for making protein. |
| What does DNA control? | DNA/the sequence of the bases in the DNA, controls an organism's characteristics by telling the cells which proteins to make. |
| Where are proteins assembled? | At the ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm. |
| Which molecule carries a copy of the DNA code so that proteins can be made? | mRNA carries a copy of the code in the nucleus to a ribosome. mRNA carries the base Uracil instead of Thymine. |
| What are proteins made up of? | Sub-units called amino acids. Proteins contain about 20 different amino acids. Three DNA bases also code for each amino acid. |
| What is each triplet of bases called? | CODON |
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