1841529
Description
Flashcards by Jo Gledhill, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jo Gledhill
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Outline ethical dilemmas experienced by clinical psychologists... At the organisational level? At the department level? At the individual level ? | At the department level – e.g. policies on maximum length of therapeutic contract, types of therapy delivered At the individual level – e.g. whether or not to offer a patient psychological therapy (knowing the limits of your competence) At the organisational level – e.g. funding for interventions (e.g. drugs, talking therapies) |
| Outline the different definitions of ethics and morality outlined by Francis (1999) | Morality= A general and unwritten frame of reference Ethics=A codified set of value principles which have application to a nominated subset of people |
| Give examples of ethical issues? | Multiple relationships Balancing home and work demands Confidentiality Self-disclosure Informed consent Personal conduct |
| outline some professional balancing acts? | Friends asking advice & professional opinion Personal & professional experience within therapy Humility & competence Certainty & ambiguity Responsibility & respect Boundaries in relationships Cultural differences |
| what is ethical acculturation? | behaving ethically and growing towards ethical excellence in adapting to a new culture, i.e. the culture of being a clinical psychologist. Your own sense of right and wrong, values, motivators, etc. The profession’s guidelines on what is right and wrong |
| what are the four key principles of the BPS code of ethics and conduct? | Respect, Competence, Responsibility and Integrity |
| outline the BPS code of ethics and conduct key principle of respect? | “Psychologists value the dignity and worth of all persons…” (p.10) Respect difference and diversity; confidentiality and informed consent |
| outline the BPS code of ethics and conduct (2009) key principle of competence? | “Psychologists value the continuing development and maintenance of high standards of competence in their professional work…” (p.15) Practice within their competence; seek supervision/consultation; CPD |
| outline the BPS code of ethics and conduct (2009) key principle of responsibility? | “Psychologists value their responsibilities to clients, to the general public, and to the profession and science of psychology…” (p.18) Do no harm; be mindful of risks to self or others |
| outline the BPS code of ethics and conduct (2009) key principle of integrity? | “Psychologists value honesty, accuracy, clarity and fairness in their interactions with all persons…” (p.21) Accurate representation of work/qualifications; avoid exploiting others and maintain professional boundaries |
| Outline the HCPC standards of conduct? | You must act in the best interests of service users. 2 You must respect the confidentiality of service users. 3 You must keep high standards of personal conduct. 4 You must provide (to us and any other relevant regulators) any important information about your conduct and competence. 5 You must keep your professional knowledge and skills up to date. 6 You must act within the limits of your knowledge, skills and experience and, if necessary, refer the matter to another practitioner. 7 You must communicate properly and effectively with service users and other practitioners. You must effectively supervise tasks that you have asked other people to carry out. 9 You must get informed consent to provide care or services (so far as possible). 10 You must keep accurate records. 11 You must deal fairly and safely with the risks of infection. 12 You must limit your work or stop practising if your performance or judgement is affected by your health. |
| Outline Sands' (2003) take on psychologists' power? | Psychotherapy is the only profession where the practitioner can be insensitive, evasive, patronizing, arrogant, discourteous, self-righteous or just plain wrong and the clients’ observations of this can be taken to be an expression of their problems, evidence that what they really need is more of the same therapy |
| what did Pope et al (1986) find? | Therapists enter sexual relationships with clients 9% of male therapists admitted this anonymously |
| outline some subtle forms of abuse? | You don’t matter” – not listening, shaming, lack of respect. “You don’t need to know” – lying, withholding information including terminology, type of treatment, questions discouraged, “I’m in charge” – controlling, threatening and manipulative behaviour. Shifting power further in the favour of the therapist. “I know best” – imposing own beliefs and preconceptions. “You need me” – encourage dependence and setting self up as the only hope. |
| outline some practical ways to address power imbalance? | Informed consent Confidentiality Approval for letters etc. Clinical Supervision Have your own therapy and work on your issues Management Supervision |
| outline some therapy stance ways to address the power imbalance? | Person-centred Create a shared language Discuss power Be explicit about beliefs Honesty Integrity Respect |
| Give a reference for these quotes: it is assumed that adults aged 18 or over should be able to give consent on the basis of sufficient information unless proven otherwise in all cases, the rights of the recipients must be recognised and upheld | BPS (2008) |
| Briefly outline the process of obtaining consent? | Timing Prior to psychological activity Essential Steps Consent only to specific assessment/intervention/decision Consent reviewed if this changes Provision of Information What the psychological activity involves Role, function, area of expertise & qualifications of psychologist Benefits of the activity Alternative options and their known availability Risks involved in psychological activity Express consent for audio/video/one-way screens Consequences of not consenting Made aware of right to withdraw consent at any time Inform limitations of confidentiality |
| Describe factors influencing consent? | Issues of power and control E.g. where client detained for compulsory treatment Influence of family and/or referrer Emotional state of client and psychologist Client’s desire for help & Psychologist’s desire to help Mental Health Act (1983, 2007) Nature of therapeutic interventions Uncertainty of evolving path of therapy Consent to general strategy Capacity Mental Capacity Act |
| give a reference for this quote: clients are entitled to expect that the information they give to psychologists about themselves and others will remain confidential | BPS 2008 |
| when is confidentiality limited? | Risk of harm to self, others and children Criminal activity Death does not remove necessity for confidentiality |
| When may there be dilemmas in confidentiality? | Team working Parents, partners & carers Suicidal clients Child protection and vulnerable adults |
| When are therapists most likely to abuse their power? | if a client’s issue resonates with therapists own issues. avoid talking about a bereavement due to own recent loss both share beliefs that are unhelpful about alcohol use A patient has the same issues as therapists partner, and therapists finds themself being more directive than usual. |
| How can therapists create a shared language? | Use client’s own phrases terms. Develop phrases and terminology together |
| Aside from creating a shared language, what other therapeutic stances can stop power imbalances? | Talk about power Be explicit about the power imbalance (e.g. “I’m concerned that if I answer that question I will be putting my own beliefs onto you and you might feel pressured by that. I’d like to help you work out if that job is right for you. Does that sound okay?”) Be explicit about your beliefs If pushed you may just need to be honest about what you think. “Well to be honest there’s a big part of me that wants you to take that job. But maybe that’s just how I feel because of my own beliefs and experiences. I just want to be sure that the job is best for you, right now, so let’s talk about it”. Be Person-centred |
| According to Zur (2009), what clients are most vulnerable? | young. disabled, very depressed, very anxious |
| according to Guilfoyle (2005) is one of the most important products and vehicles of power | knowledge |
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