1851192
| Question | Answer |
| Anticline | An elongate fold in which the sides or limbs slope downward away from the crest |
| Bed | A specific layer of earth or rock separated by visually or physically-defined boundary planes from the layers of different material lying above, below, or adjacent to it |
| Bedrock | The more or less solid, undisturbed rock in place either at the surface or beneath superficial deposits of gravel, sand, or soil |
| Bentonite | A soft, porous rock consisting largely of silica and composed essentially of clay minerals |
| Caprock | The impermeable rock overlying an oil or gas reservoir that prevents the migration of the oil or gut out of the reservoir |
| Carbonate rock | A rock consisting chiefly of carbonate minerals, such as limestone or dolomite |
| Conglomerate | A cemented clastic rock containing transported rock fragments of gravel or pebble size. Also known as puddingstone. |
| Connate water | Water that is contained within a rock formation, and that was originally entrapped in the interstice of the rock material at the time the material was deposited |
| Crude oil | Liquid petroleum in its natural state in an underground reservoir or as it merges from a well, or after it passes through a separator, but prior to any refining or distilling process |
| Dolomite | A carbonate sedimentary rock composed mainly of the mineral dolomite |
| Dome | An anticlinal uplift approximated circular or elliptical in shape |
| Effective Permeability | A measure of the ability of a particular fluid to flow through a rock |
| Effective Porosity | The portion of pore space in saturated permeable material in which movement of fluids take place |
| Eolian | Pertaining to the wind; a designation for rocks and soils whose constituents have been transported and deposited by atmospheric currents |
| Fault | A break in the materials of the earth's crust in which there has been movement parallel with the surface along which the break occurs |
| Fault Plane | An approximately planar surface along which dislocation or faulting has taken place |
| Fault Zone | A zone in which there are a number of more or less closely spaced faults |
| Field | A geographical area in which a number of oil or gas wells produce from a continuous reservoir. There may be a number of separate reservoirs at various depths within a single field |
| Floodplain | A strip of relatively smooth land bordering a stream, built of sediment carried by the stream and deposited in the slack water beyond the influence of the swiftest current during flooding |
| Fold | A bend or flexure in a layer or layers of rock |
| Fracture | A line where a rock has broken due to folding or faulting |
| Geology | The science that deals with the origin, composition, structure, and history of the world |
| Graben | A long, narrow block of the Earth's crust that has been relatively depressed by normal faults along the sides |
| Ground water | Subsurface water in a zone of saturation |
| Horst | A long, narrow block of the Earth's crust that has been relatively uplifted between normal faults along the sides |
| Igneous rock | Rock formed by the solidification of hot, mobile, rock material (magma) |
| Lacustrine | Pertaining to, produced by, or formed in a lake or lakes |
| Limestone | A sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate |
| Magma | Hot, mobile rock material generated with the earth, from which igneous rock is formed through cooling and crystallization |
| Metamorphic rock | Rock that is formed from original igneous, sedimentary, or older metamorphic rock through alterations produced by pressure , heat, or the infiltration of other materials at depths below the surface zones of weathering and cementation |
| Natural Gas | A highly compressible gas, highly expansible mixture of hydrocarbons having a low specific gravity occurring naturally in a gaseous form |
| Oil pool | The accumulation of oil in the pores of sedimentary rock that yields petroleum on drilling |
| Oil sand | A sandstone that yields oil |
| Oil shale | Broadly, any of a number of sedimentary materials that have the common property of yielding oil by distillation |
| Organic | Being, containing, or relating to carbon compounds, usually derived from the remains of plant and animal life |
| Outcrop | A part of a body of rock that appears, bare and exposed at the surface of the ground |
| Pangea | A hypothetical supercontinent early in the geological past, composed of all the earth crust at the time, and from which the present continents were formed by fragmentation and displacement |
| Permeability | The measure of a rock's ability to transmit fluids |
| Petroleum | Oil or gas obtained from the rocks of the earth |
| Plate tectonics | Branch of geology that affirms the existence of large blocks of continental and oceanic crust floating on viscous material in the mantle of the earth |
| Pore space | The volume of holes or voids in a rock |
| Porosity | The ratio of the voids or pores in a rock to its total volume or size |
| Relief | The variations in the elevation of land surface considered collectively |
| Reservoir | A subsurface, porous, permeable rock body in which oil and/or gas is stored |
| Rock cycle | That series of events included in the formation, alteration, destruction, and reformation of rocks, and usually involving one or more of the following processes: erosion, transportation, deposition lithification, and metamorphism |
| Salt dome | a more or less circular uplift of sedimentary rocks caused by the pushing up of a body of salt |
| Sandstone | A compacted sedimentary rock with common physical characteristics |
| Sedimentary rock | Rock that is composed of sediment: mechanical, chemical or organic. It is formed through the agency of water, wind, glacial ice, or organisms, and is deposited at the surface of the earth at ordinary temperatures |
| Shale | A fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of consolidated silt and clay or mud |
| Strata | Sections of sedimentary formations that consist of the same type of rock |
| Structural trap | A petroleum trap that is formed because of deformation of the rock layer that contains petroleum |
| Sunsidence | The gradual downward settling or sinking of the earth's surface |
| Syncline | A fold that is concave upward |
| Tectonic | Pertaining to the rock structures and external forms resulting from the deformation of the earth's crust |
| Tight formation | A petroleum formation of relatively low porosity and permeability |
| Tight sand | A sand with such little pore space, or with the pore space so filled with clay or cementing material that oil and water cannot pass through |
| Trap | An arrangement of rock strata or structures that halts the migration of oil or gas and causes them to accumulate |
| Viscosity | The property of a substance offering resistance to flow |
| Vug | A cavity in a rock |
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