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Description
Flashcards by fatimaiqbal101, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by fatimaiqbal101
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 4 elements that make up 96% of living matter | carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen |
| 4 elements that make up the remaining 4% | phosphorus calcium sulfur potassium |
| weak bonds | hydrogen bonds hydrophobic & hydrophilic interaction van derwaals forces |
| strong bonds | covalent bonds |
| covalent bond | a shared pair of electrons stable bond |
| multiple covalent bonds | double bonds triple bounds |
| non polar covalent bond | pair of electron shared equally by 2 atoms |
| polar covalent bond | pair of electrons shared unequally by 2 atoms ex. water + and - poles |
| hydrogen bonding | polar water creates molecular attractions attraction between + H and - O weak bond |
| properties of water | cohesion & adhesion good solvent lower density as a solid high specific heat high heat of vaporization |
| water: cohesion | H bonding between H20 molecules Ex. surface tension |
| adhesion | H bonding between H2O and other substances water sticks to other polar molecules Ex. capillary action, meniscus |
| solvent | polarity makes H2O a good solvent |
| hydrophilic | substances that have attraction to H2O polar |
| hydrophobic | substances that don't have an attraction to H2O non-polar |
| density of water | water is less dense as solid (ice) than as a liquid |
| why is ice's density important | surface ice insulates the water below if ice sank the entire mass of water would be ice after some time |
| specific heat | H2O resists changes in temperature energy is absorbed when H bonds are broken water moderates the earths temperature |
| heat of vaporization | heat is added but once the temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius the temperature will stay the same even when more heat is added |
| water vs. methane | water melting point: 0 degrees celcius boiling point: 100 degrees celcius methane melting point: -182 degrees celcius boiling point: -160 degrees celcius |
| ionization and pH of water | H+ splits off from H2O leaving OH H+ = -OH nuetral H+ > -OH acidic H+ < -OH basic |
| buffer | a reservoir of H+ to keep the pH of a cell at 7 |
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