20079454
Description
Flashcards by Kathy Rosario, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kathy Rosario
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Matter | physical substance in general |
| Electron |
-1/1840 mass of a proton
-Negatively charged
-Outside of Nucleus
Image:
Atom Structure1 (image/png)
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| Atom |
-Smallest unit of matter
-Made of subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Image:
Atom Structure1 (image/png)
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| Proton |
-Postiviely charged
-Located in Nucleus
Image:
Atom Structure1 (image/png)
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| Neutron |
-Carry no charge (NEUtral)
-Located in nucleus
-Bound together with protons
Image:
Atom Structure1 (image/png)
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| Element | -Chemical substance that consists of one kind of atom -Over 100 known elements -About 2 Dozen in living organisms |
| Isotope | -Same number of protons/electrons, different number of neutrons -ID'd by their mass number (e.g. Carbon 12) |
| Compound | Combination of two or more elements Shown in shorthand of chemical formula (e.g. NaCl or H2O) |
| Ion | -Positively/Negatively charged atoms -Occur in compounds when two atoms combine and form a compound. |
| Molecule | -Smallest unit of most compunds -Can be made of same elements (Oxygen) or different elements (Water) |
| Van Der Waals Forces | -Attraction and repulsions between atoms, molecules, and surfaces, as well as other intermolecular forces. -Weaker than ionic bonds |
| Hydrogen Bond | -Attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge -Water can form multiple hydrogen bonds, giving it many special properties, like expanding when frozen and dissolving other substances (salt). |
| Cohesion | -An attraction between molecules of the same substance. -Water is extremely cohesive -Cohesion also creates surface tension (bugs can walk on surface of water, beads of water on a leaf) |
| Adhesion | -Attraction between molecules of different substances (Water and Salt) |
| Solution | -Made of of solvent (the element that dissolves) and solute (the substance that is dissolved) -Water is the greatest solvent on earth |
| pH Scale | -Concentration of H+ ions in the solution -Ranges between 0 and 14 -Pure water: pH of 7 -Lower pH = more acid (Lemon juice, stomach acid) -Higher pH = more base (soap, bleach) |
| Polar Molecules | -A molecule with a partial positive or partial negative charge -Distribution of electrons is not even -Elements in a polar molecule do not share electrons equally |
| Nonpolar Molecules |
-Elements in the molecule share electrons evenly
Image:
23sfdr (image/jpeg)
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| Concentration | -The amount of a substance per defined space. -Ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution. |
| Acid | -Any compound that has H+ ions in solution. -pH values below 7 -Strong acid = pH of 1 to 3 |
| Base | -Compound that produces OH- ions in a solution -Lower H+ ions than pure water (pH below 7) -Soap, Bleach, Ammonia |
| Polar Bonds | -Covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed. -Seen in polar molecules |
| Polarity |
-the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond.
-Atoms in this bond have a slight neg/pos charge.
Image:
Batteries (image/gif)
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