20094332
Description
Flashcards by Kathy Rosario, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kathy Rosario
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Valence | The property of an element that determines the number of other atoms with which an atom of the element can combine. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table. |
| Mass Number | The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. |
| Macromolecules |
Giant molecules, often found in organic compounds/living cells. Made up of thousands of smaller molecules.
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| Monomers & Polymers | -Monomers are smaller units in a macromolecule. -Monomers join together to form polymers -May be identical (links in a chain) or different (beads on a neclace). |
| Carbohydrates |
-Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
-Main source of energy for living things, breaks down into sugar.
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| Monosaccharides |
Simple sugar molecules. Found in milk, fruit, table sugar. Also converted to glucose in carbohydrates.
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| Isotonic | In chemistry, a solution is said to be isotonic when it has the same concentration of solutes as another solution across a semipermeable membrane. |
| Diffusion | Diffusion is the process of a substance spreading out to evenly fill its container or environment. |
| Osmosis | Movement of a solvent (such as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane. |
| Lipid Bilayer | A thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. |
| Nucleic Acid | -Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. -Assembled from monomers called nucleotides. |
| Nucleotides | -Monomers made of three parts: 1) 5-Carbon Sugar, 2) Phosphate group (-PO4), and 3) a nitrogenous base. -Play an important role in capturing and transferring chemical energy. |
| Proteins | -Macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. -Polymers of amino acids. |
| Amino Acids | -Compounds wiith an amino group on one end and carboxyl group on the other end. -Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids together to form a polypetide. |
| Reactant | Elements/Compounds that enter a chemical reaction |
| Product | Elements/Compounds producted by a chemical reaction. |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. |
| Enzymes | -Proteins that act as biological catalysts. -Speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. |
| Substrates | The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Bind to a site on an enzyme called an "active site". Specific, complimentary shape to the substrate (lock & key). |
| Lipids | Mostly Hydrogen & Carbon. Most common: Fats, oils, waxes. Can be used to store energy. |
| Fatty Acids and Glycerol | Combine to form lipids. |
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