20117101
Description
Flashcards by Sam Adeyiga, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Adeyiga
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| K range | 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L |
| Mg range | 1.4 - 2.0 mEq/L |
| Ca2+ range | 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL (ionized 3.4 - 4.2 mg/dL) |
| PO4 range | 2.6 - 4.5 mg/dL |
| Hypokalemia (check Mg Level) Severe hypokalemia = | < 2.5 mg/dL |
| Hypokalemia treatment | 1. Dietary modification 2. Oral replacement 3. IV replacement 4. NTE 10 mEq/hr 5. 20 mEq = increase of 0.25 mEq/L |
| Hyperkalemia treatment | 1. Stabilize the heart => Give Calcium Chloride => Give Calcium gluconate 2. Move K into cells => Give Insulin + D50 => Give Albuterol => Give Na bicarb 3. Move K out of the body => Give furosemide => Give SPS => do dialysis |
| Hypomagnesemia treatment | 1. Give Mg Oxide by mouth => up to 4 days tp equilibrate 2. Give Mg Sulfate IV => Up to 48 hrs to equilibrate |
| Hypermagnesemia treatment | 1. Reduce intake of Mg => discontinue sources, educate pt 2. Enhance elimination => Give furosemide + IV fluid => give dialysis 3. Stabilize the heart => Give Calcium chloride => Give Calcium Gluconate |
| Hypocalcemia treatment | 1. Check Mg level 2. Give Oral replacement => Give elemental Ca, 1 - 3 g per day 3. Give Calcium Gluconate IV |
| Hypercalcemia | 1. Furosemide + IV fluid (1st line of therapy) 2. Biphosphonates => 2nd line of treatment => Given to out patient => Given to cancer patient 3. Calcitonin => Adjuvant therapy |
| Hypophosphatemia treatment | 1. Give oral replacement => check Na and K levels 2. Give IV replacement => Check Na and K level |
| Hyperphosphatemia treatment | 1. Give Ca based phosphate binder => Give Ca carbonate => Give Ca Acetate => NTE 1500 mg/day elemental Ca => Ca * P = < 55 2. Non-Ca phosphate binder => Give Sevelamer => Give Lanthanum |
| Hyperkalemia drugs | 1. Sodium Polystrene Sulfonate (SPS) [Kayexalate] 2. Patiromer [Veltassa] 3. Sodium Zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) [Lokelma] 4 Furosemide 5. Insulin and Glucose 6. Albuterol 7. Sodium bicar |
| Side effects of SPS | 1. Hypomagnesemia 2. Hypocalcemia |
| Side effects of Patiromer | 1. Constipation 2. diarrhea 3. Nausea 4. Abdominal discomfort 5. Flatulence 6. Hypomagnesemia |
| Onset of action of Patiromer is -------? | 7 hours |
| Separate Patiromer from other oral medication by a period of -------- hrs | 3 hours |
| Onset of SPS is -------hrs, and doses may be repeated every ------ hrs | 1. 1-2 hrs 2. 4 hrs |
| What is the effect of renal impairment and hepatic impairment on SZC metabolism? | SZC is not absorbed systematically, hence real and hepatic impairment do not have any effect on the drug |
| What is the primary adverse effect of SZC? | Edema |
| What are the oral therapy for hypokalemia? | 1. Potassium bicarb (for pt w/ metabolic acidosis) 2. Potassium chloride (mostly used for hypoK patients) |
| Before you treat hypokalemia, what do you have to do first? | Check the Mg level first because you might need to correct the Mg at the same time. |
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