20198621
| Question | Answer |
| Hydraulic Action | The force of the waves against the coast. |
| Corrasion | Material carried by the waves crashes into the rock. |
| Stage 1 - Formation of a Headland and Bay | Headlands and bays form on coastlines with alternating bands of hard (e.g. limestone) and soft rock The soft rock is eroded faster than the hard rock by hydraulic action, corrasion* and solution |
| Stage 2 - Formation of a Headland and Bay | The more resistant rock (e.g. chalk) is left facing out to sea - a headland. The bay is the result of the erosion of soft rock. |
| The waves attack the base of the cliff by hydraulic action, corrasion* and solution Over time, the cliff will be undercut and a wave-cut notch is formed More erosion causes the cliff to become unstable and collapse. Further retreat will form a wave-cut platform (usually of harder rock). | |
| Solution | Acids in seawater slowly dissolve coastal rocks |
| Attrition | Material carried by the waves crash into each other, are broken down and smoothened |
| First, the waves exploit lines of weakness in the rock, and widen them through hydraulic action, corrasion* and solution. As time passes, the waves widen and deepen the cracks enough to form a sea cave. More erosion at the back of the cave allows the waves to break through and create an arch. Now the processes of erosion focus at the base of the arch, weakening it so the roof collapses. The result is a free-standing stack. | |
| Longshore Drift | Longshore Drift - The process using high energy swash and gravity-dependant backwash to carry material along a beach, or deposit it in the sea. |
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Image:
Spit (binary/octet-stream)
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Spits form where coastlines change direction and longshore drift* continues to deposit material in the open water. Over time, more material is deposited until it breaches sea level. Often a curved hook is formed due to a secondary wind causes waves to push the weaker end inwards |
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