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Question	Answer
1. Genetics:	Genetics is the study of heredity. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. Pieces of chromosomes are known as genes.
2. Chromosomes you received::	1 set from your mother are 23. 1 set from your father are 23. Totaling 46 chromosomes. Egg (from your mother). Sperm (from your father).
3. Karyotype:	Karyotype is a map of an organism's chromosomes. Humans normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
4. Chromosomes occur in pairs.	The 23rd pair of chromosomes are sex chromosomes. They determine the gender of the individual. Females - XX. Males - XY.
5. Gregor Mendel.	It was not until the mid-nineteenth century that Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, carried out important studies of heredity-the-passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring. Characteristics that are inherited are called traits.
6. Pea Plants.	Mendel chose to use the garden pea in his experiments. Image: 42 25272236 (binary/octet-stream)
7. Traits.	Traits are passed from parents to offspring through units of information called genes.
8. Genes.	Genes exist in alternative forms called alleles. Alleles are located on chromosome pairs. Gene for earlobe (attached). Gene for earlobe (unattached). Chromosome from one mother. Chromosome from one father.
9. RR, Rr.	For each trait, an individual has two alleles: one from its mother and one from its father. RR: Homozygous. Rr: Heterozygous.
10. Punnett Square.	A Punnett Square is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
11. Dominant, recessive, dominant allele, recessive allele, and first.	A dominant gene will override, or mask the recessive gene. Capitol letter used for dominant allele. Lowercase letter for recessive allele. The dominant allele is always written first.
12. Genotype.	The set of alleles that an individual has is called a genotype. What the genes say.....
13. Physical appearance, codes.	The phenotype, physical appearance of an individual is determined by the allele that codes for that trait.
14. Punnett Squares - Monohybrid.	Homozygous and heterozygous.
15. Dihybrid, two.	Dihybrid crosses allow us to see when two traits from each parent is being utilized.
16. Incomplete dominance, blend.	Incomplete Dominance when two genes blend and produce a third phenotype. Red flowers mate with white flowers to produce pink flowers.
17. Codominance, both.	Codominance: when both alleles are expressed.
18. Multiple alleles, more than two alleles, three.	Controlled by multiple alleles: when traits are controlled by more than two alleles. Human blood type is controlled by three different alleles.
19. Blood types.	4 Blood Phenotypes: (Blood Types). - A, B, AB, and O. - Blood type is controlled by three alleles. - A, B, and O.
20. Mutation.	A mutation is any change in the DNA of a cell. Mutations can be caused by: 1. Replication. 2. Transcription. 3. External agents.
21. Mutation.	A mutation can only be passed to offspring if it occurs in the gamete.
22. Genetic mutations.	Genetic mutations can be beneficial to an organism. The peppered moth experienced a beneficial mutation which allowed it to camouflage itself to hide from predators.
22. Pedigree.	Pedigree shows the Family Tree. Male is square. Female is circle. If the shapes are colored in, the individual is affected by the condition.

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Genetics - TEST FRIDAY

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	Created by Lauren Curnutte over 4 years ago