20540772
Description
Flashcards by Lauren Curnutte, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lauren Curnutte
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 1. Genetics: | Genetics is the study of heredity. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. Pieces of chromosomes are known as genes. |
| 2. Chromosomes you received:: | 1 set from your mother are 23. 1 set from your father are 23. Totaling 46 chromosomes. Egg (from your mother). Sperm (from your father). |
| 3. Karyotype: | Karyotype is a map of an organism's chromosomes. Humans normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes. |
| 4. Chromosomes occur in pairs. | The 23rd pair of chromosomes are sex chromosomes. They determine the gender of the individual. Females - XX. Males - XY. |
| 5. Gregor Mendel. | It was not until the mid-nineteenth century that Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, carried out important studies of heredity-the-passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring. Characteristics that are inherited are called traits. |
| 6. Pea Plants. | Mendel chose to use the garden pea in his experiments. |
| 7. Traits. | Traits are passed from parents to offspring through units of information called genes. |
| 8. Genes. | Genes exist in alternative forms called alleles. Alleles are located on chromosome pairs. Gene for earlobe (attached). Gene for earlobe (unattached). Chromosome from one mother. Chromosome from one father. |
| 9. RR, Rr. | For each trait, an individual has two alleles: one from its mother and one from its father. RR: Homozygous. Rr: Heterozygous. |
| 10. Punnett Square. | A Punnett Square is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. |
| 11. Dominant, recessive, dominant allele, recessive allele, and first. | A dominant gene will override, or mask the recessive gene. Capitol letter used for dominant allele. Lowercase letter for recessive allele. The dominant allele is always written first. |
| 12. Genotype. | The set of alleles that an individual has is called a genotype. What the genes say..... |
| 13. Physical appearance, codes. | The phenotype, physical appearance of an individual is determined by the allele that codes for that trait. |
| 14. Punnett Squares - Monohybrid. | Homozygous and heterozygous. |
| 15. Dihybrid, two. | Dihybrid crosses allow us to see when two traits from each parent is being utilized. |
| 16. Incomplete dominance, blend. | Incomplete Dominance when two genes blend and produce a third phenotype. Red flowers mate with white flowers to produce pink flowers. |
| 17. Codominance, both. | Codominance: when both alleles are expressed. |
| 18. Multiple alleles, more than two alleles, three. | Controlled by multiple alleles: when traits are controlled by more than two alleles. Human blood type is controlled by three different alleles. |
| 19. Blood types. | 4 Blood Phenotypes: (Blood Types). - A, B, AB, and O. - Blood type is controlled by three alleles. - A, B, and O. |
| 20. Mutation. | A mutation is any change in the DNA of a cell. Mutations can be caused by: 1. Replication. 2. Transcription. 3. External agents. |
| 21. Mutation. | A mutation can only be passed to offspring if it occurs in the gamete. |
| 22. Genetic mutations. | Genetic mutations can be beneficial to an organism. The peppered moth experienced a beneficial mutation which allowed it to camouflage itself to hide from predators. |
| 22. Pedigree. | Pedigree shows the Family Tree. Male is square. Female is circle. If the shapes are colored in, the individual is affected by the condition. |
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