20574696
Description
Flashcards by Jacob Sipple, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jacob Sipple
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are proxies | a substitute for temp measurements(i.e. tree rings, pollen, oxygen iso, etc.) used to estimate temperatures of earth in the past |
| Stomata | pores in leaves more of them means cooler temperature |
| O isotope used in climate research | O-18 |
| how O-18 is used | ratio between O-16(normal oxygen) and O-18 used to estimate temp (sample-standard/standard)x1000 = delta 18-O |
| standard for Oxygen | Standard Mean Ocean Water if more O-18 than normal in ratio means colder |
| What chemical used to estimate O-18/O-16 | CACO3 in shells of foraminifera |
| How does O get in shells | when the shell forms O comes from the ocean around it hydrogen combining with CO2 forming carbonic acid (red shells high O-18, black low O18) |
| how are shells collected | get samples from drilling into ocean floor |
| When is Holocene epoch | last 12,000 years |
| what epoch did the ice age occur | Pleistocene Epoch |
| What 'caused' high temps 250mya | volcanism(flood basalt) |
| CO2 55mya(compared to today) | 2.5-5x today |
| glacier | long-lasting body of ice large enough to move under it's own weight at least 10s of m |
| evidence for extent of glacial coverage | boulders moved from source of bedrock, glacial striations |
| # of times glaciers advanced and receded over last 500,000years | 5, drop 5 degrees C glaciers will form |
| how does rock weathering remove CO2 | consumed by chemical weathering creating CaCO3 rock or shells |
| MilanKovitch Cyles | variations in earth orbits when summers get less sun glaciers advance |
| eccentricity | the elliptical orbit of the sun by the earth |
| temperature anomaly | difference from baseline avg on same date |
| why not average temps to get global avg | most collected data in developed countries |
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