20897109
Description
Flashcards by Blen Abate, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Blen Abate
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| tRNA activating enzymes | enzymes that attach a specific amino acid to the tRNA, using ATP for energy; this activates the amino acid |
| What happens when the amino acid is attached? | it is activated by the formation of a bond between the enzyme and AMP, then it is covalently attached to the tRNA |
| What happens to the energy from the bond between the amino acid and tRNA? | it is used to link the amino acid to the growing polypeptide during translation |
| Initiation of translation | the first tRNA molecule is bound to the first codon (AUG) in the P site |
| Elongation of translation | the ribosome moves the tRNA at the P site to the E site, the next codon binds at the vacant A site |
| Termination of translation | a stop codon is reached, the free polypeptide is released |
| Where does the protein go if it was made made by a free ribosome? | cytoplasm, mitochondria or chloroplasts |
| Where does the protein go if it was made by ribosomes bound to the ER? | ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, plasma membrane or outside the cell |
| Why is there a delay between transcription and translation in eukaryotes? | because the transcript is modified several times before leaving the nucleus |
| When does translation happen in prokaryotes? (in relation to transcription) | as soon as transcription ends, translation starts |
| Polysomes | structures visible in an electron microscope that represent multiple ribosomes attached to a single mRNA molecule |
| Primary structure | the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide |
| Secondary structure | the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide backbone |
| Tertiary structure | interactions between: positively charged R-groups will interact with negatively charged R-groups, polar R-groups that form H bonds with other polar R-groups |
| Quaternary structure | when polypeptides fit together when there's more than one chain it also refers to the addition of non-polypeptide components |
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