2186588
Description
Flashcards by s.hartwell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by s.hartwell
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Agents of Social Control | Groups and organisations in society that control or constrain people's behaviour and actions such as the police |
| Anti-social behaviour | Behaviour that causes harassment, distress or alarm to other people |
| Chivalry Thesis | The idea that women are given preferential treatment by the criminal justice system due to their femininity |
| Community Service | A punishment which involves doing a service for the community, such as clearing parkland |
| Computer Crime | Crime that takes place using a computer, such as fraud. |
| Conformity | Doing what is expected of you within society |
| Corporate Crime | Crimes committed by employees on behalf of the company or organisation they work for. Such as creating unsafe goods. |
| Crime Rate | The amount of crime that has been measured within a certain area over a period of time. |
| Dark Figure of Crime | Crime that takes place, but is not recorded in official statistics as it is has not been reported or recorded. |
| Deviance | Behaviour that goes against the norms and values of society. Such as speaking with your mouth full. |
| Formal Rules | Formal rules are rules that are written down, for example laws or codes of conduct. |
| Informal Rules | Rules that are not written, but are seen as guidelines as how we should behave in society. Such as not swearing in the workplace. |
| Formal Social Control | Control of peoples behaviour based on written laws and rules. They are associated with the ways the state controls our behaviour. Agencies include the police force and prisons. |
| Identity Theft | The fraudulent practice of using another person's name and personal information in order to obtain credit, loans etc. |
| Indictable Offence | An offence for which you can be charged. |
| Judicary | The Judicial authorities of a country such as judges. |
| Labelling | The process of attaching a characteristic or definition to an individual or group |
| Master Status | The status of greatest importance in a particular person's life. A common master status is a persons occupation e.g. teacher |
| Official Crime Statistics | Official crime statistics are statistics that have been recorded and published by government agencies. |
| Recorded Crime | The crime that has been recorded by the police. Not all reported crime is recorded. |
| Relative Deprivation | Feeling deprived compared to others in society. |
| Scapegoat | A person who is blamed for wrongdoings, mistakes or the faults of others. |
| Self-report study | A study in which respondents answer questions about whether they have been victims of crime. |
| Social Control | The processes by which individuals are encouraged to conform to the rules. They involve sanctions or bad reactions that aim to stop people from doing deviant acts. |
| Social Construct | The idea that society groups people and creates the rules. For example by deciding what disability is. |
| Social Order | Social order occurs when society is stable, ordered and runs smoothly without disruption. |
| Stereotypes | Fixed, standardised and distorted views of the characteristics of particular groups such as women. Stereotypes are often based on prejudice. |
| Sub-culture | A cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests that differ from those of the larger culture. |
| Surveillance | Being watched by others which might change the behaviour of individuals or groups. Such as CCTV. |
| Victim Surveys | Household based studies which ask respondents about their experiences of crime, whether they have been victims of particular offences during a specified times period such as the last year and, if so, whether they reported the crimes to the police. |
| White-collar crime | This refers broadly to crimes committed by people in relatively high-status positions, such as accountants, doctors and solicitors, during their work. E.g. fiddling expenses. |
| Alienated | To make someone feel isolated or estranged |
| Aristocracy | The highest class in societies. Typically comprising of those of noble birth. |
| Charismatic Authority | Obedience based on an individual's charisma or extraordinary personal qualities. |
| Citizen | Members of a state who have full legal rights (e.g. to vote) and responsibilities (e.g. to respect the law) |
| Class de-alignment | The weakening of the links between social class and voting behaviour |
| Class Alignment | The idea that people vote for a party depending upon their class. |
| Coercion | Obedience based on the use of force |
| Conservatives | Traditionally a right wing political party that favours tradition and expect people to be meritocratic. |
| Constituency | A specific area in which the constituents elect an MP to represent them in parliament |
| Democracy | Government by the people |
| Dictatorship | A government where one person makes all the rules or decisions |
| Direct Action | The use of strikes, demonstrations or other forms of protest. This is instead of negotiating with those in power. |
| Discrimination | Less favourable or unfair treatment based, for example on an individual's gender, ethnicity or age. |
| Elections | A formal organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position. |
| Electorate | Those eligible to vote |
| Elite | The top class in society who tend to be at an advantage and have high social, cultural and economic capital. |
| Ideology | A system of ideas and ideals that form the basis of a political theory or policy. |
| Legal Rational Authority | Authority in which obedience is based on an individual or group's position in an organisation |
| Legislative Process | The steps required for laws to move through the system from an idea to a law. |
| Member of Parliament | The representative of the voters to a parliament. |
| Monarchy | Royalty |
| Neo-liberalism | The idea that the government should adopt a laissez-faire approach and allow the private sector to have a larger role. |
| Political Party | An organised group of people with similar political aims and opinions. |
| Political Socialisation | The process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values. Family, education and the media all play a role. |
| Privatisation | The transfer of assets from the public sector the private sector. |
| Pressure Group | A group of people who try to persuade the government to adopt a particular policy or to influence public opinion on an issue. |
| Prime Minister | The head of an elected government |
| Trade Unions | An association of employees such as the NUT that protects its members' rights in the workplace |
| Traditional Authority | A type of authority in which obedience is based on custom and tradition. |
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