GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

BMS14-1062 - Histology of endocrine glands

Evian Chai BMS14 - Endocrine System English 42 cards

Cards in this deck (42)

  1. 1What are the 4 classes of hormones?1. AA derivatives (eg. adrenaline)
    2. Small peptides: ADH
    3. Proteins: Growth hormone, insulin
    4. Steroids: cortisol, sex hormones
  2. 2What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine secretion?Exocrine is out of ducts to internal/extenal surfaces
    Endocrine is via hormones in the blood
  3. 3What are the characteristics of: 1. Peptide 2. Steroid1. lots of rER, secretory vesicles
    2. smooth ER, mitochondria, lipid droplets
  4. 4Where is the pituitary gland?In the pituitary fossa in the sphenoid bone
  5. 5The Andenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is formed how?By the upgrowth of endo/ectoderm from embryonic oral cavity (Rathke's Pouch)
  6. 6The Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is formed how?By downgrowth from floor of diencephalon
  7. 7What does the Andenohypophysis contain?pars distalis
    pars tuberalis
    pars intermedia
  8. 8What does the Neurohypophysis contain?1. pars nervosa
    2. infundibulum (pituitary/neural stalk)
    3. axons of neurons supported by pituicytes
  9. 9Which 2 peptide hormones are found in the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)?1. ADH (increase H20 retention, contracts SM)
    2. Oxytoxin ( contracts SM)
  10. 10How are hormones released by the posterior pituitary made and released?1. Hormones made in the cell bodies of neurons in hypothalamus as large protein
    2. Cleaved into hormone+binding protein
    3. Transported down axons to terminals
    4. Released into fenestrated capillaries
  11. 11What are Herring's Bodies?Accumulations of hormones in axons
  12. 12The Pars Distalis contains which 3 types of secretory cells?1. Acidophils (somatotrophs like growth hormone, mammotrophs)
    2. Basophils (tyrotrophs like tyroid stim. hormone, corticotrophs, gonadotrophs)
    3. Chromophobes (reserve cells)
  13. 13Pars Tuberalis contains which cells?Cuboidal cells with gonadotrophs
  14. 14Pars Intermedia contains which cells?Cells that secrete melanocyte stimulating hormone for skin pigmentation
  15. 15How does the portal vessel system of the anterior pituitary gland work?1. Releasing hormones are discharged from axons of neurons from hypothalamus into pituitary portal vessels at base (top) of stalk
    2. Releasing hormones travel down into anterior pituitary, stimulate target hormone release
  16. 16What are the advantages of the portal vessel system?1. Need less releasing hormone
    2. Hormone can be reused
    3. More immediate response
  17. 17What do releasing hormones do?They either stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary hormone release
  18. 18What are some hormones with release coupled with releasing hormones?1. Thyrotropin
    2. Gonadotropin
    3. Growth Hormone
    4. Corticotropin
  19. 19What are two inhibitory releasing hormones?1. Somatostatin (block GH/TSH)
    2. Dopamine (block prolactin)
  20. 20What is the structure of the thyroid gland and where is it located?2 pear shaped lateral lobes connected by isthmus
    Lies at 2nd-4th tracheal rings
  21. 21What does the thyroid gland develop from?Downgrowth of pharyngeal pouch
  22. 22What do the epithelial cells secrete in the thyroid gland? Where does this accumulate?Thryglobulin (inactive form of hormone)
    Accumulates in follicle as colloid
  23. 23What is covalently attached to the tyrosines of thyroglobulin to activate it?Iodine
  24. 24What is the function of thyroid follicular cells?They take up iodide to oxidise to iodine
  25. 25What happens when TSH is recieved at the anterior pituitary?1. Follicular cells endocytose iodinated thyroglobulin
    2. Thyroglobulin broken down in lysosomes
    3. Released as thyroxine (T4) or tri-iodothyronine (T3)
  26. 26What do C cells/parafollicular cells do? What are they from?1. Secrete calcitonin that inhibit osteoclast activity
    -leads to reduced calcium concentration in blood
    2. From NCCs
  27. 27What do the chief (principle) cells in the parathyroid glands secrete?Parathyroid hormone, which increases calcium mobilisation and blood calcium levels
  28. 28What are the two cells present in the parathyroid gland?1. Principle (chief) cells
    2. Oxyphil cells (no known function)
  29. 29Where are the adrenal glands located?At the upper part of the kidney
  30. 30What does the medulla of the adrenal gland develop from?The sympathetic ganglion
  31. 31What does the cortex of the adrenal gland develop from?The coelomic epithelium lining posterior abdominal wall
  32. 32What does the adrenal cortex do?They secrete steroids
  33. 33What part of the adrenal cortex has the following? 1. cells in round clusters 2. secrete mineralocorticoids (eg. aldosterone) 3. regulated by renin/angiotensinZona Glomerulosa
  34. 34What part of the adrenal cortex has the following? 1. cells arranged in straight cords running radially 2. secrete glucocorticoids (eg. cortisol) 3. Regulated by Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)Zona Fasciculata
  35. 35What part of the adrenal cortex has the following? 1. Irregular cords 2. Secrete mostly useless glucocorticoids/sex hormonesZona Reticulatris
  36. 36What does the adrenal medulla do?Secrete catecholamines into blood:
    80% adrenaline
    20% noradrenaline (alpha receptors, mantain BP, continiously released vs just during stress, primary neurotransmiter of SNS)
  37. 37What is the adrenal medulla stimulated by? Which nervous system?Cholinergic preganglionic input from greater/lesser splanchnic nerves via coeliac ganglion
    Sympathetic nervous system
  38. 38What do Alpha (20%) cells in the Islet of Langerhams produce?Glucagon
  39. 39What do Beta (70%) cells in the Islet of Langerhams produce?Insulin
  40. 40What do Delta (5-10%) cells in the Islet of Langerhams produce?Somatostatin
  41. 41What do G/PP (1-2%) cells in the Islet of Langerhams produce?Pancreatic polypeptide
  42. 42What is the diffuse neuroendocrine system? What type of secretion?1. Scattered cells in the gut/respiratory system that can secrete amines/peptides (eg. gastrin , CCK, secretin, serotonin)
    2. Paracrine

Information

Description
Define the general characteristics of endocrine glands. Describe the anatomical location, development, microstructure and functions of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands. Consider briefly the cellular organization and functions of the pancreatic Islets of Langerhans. Appreciate the existence of the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
Created by
Evian Chai
Views
43
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?