21984730
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three parts of the central nervous system? | 1. Brain 2. Spinal cord 3. Nerve cell bodies, axons and neuroglia (Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells) |
| What does the Peripheral Nervous System contain? | 1) Axons 2) Ganglia 3) Neuroglia (Satellite cells, schwann cells) |
| Can neurons repair themselves or divide? | Limited ability to repair Cannot divide |
| What do astrocytes (star shaped) do? | 1. Recycle neurotransmitters 2. Maintain blood brain barrier 3. Neural growth 4. Scar tissue 5. Communicate w ependymal blood vessels/nerve cells 6. Microfilaments give strength to CNS |
| What do oligodendrocytes do? | 1. Create myeline sheath 2. Support/insulate axon 3. Wraps around 50+ axons (vs. Schwann in PNS which wraps around 1) |
| What do microglia (<5%) cells do? | Function like macrophages |
| What do Ependymal cells do? | 1. Line chambers of CNS/ventricles of brain 2. Branching processes communicate w astrocytes |
| What type of cell is the ependymal cell? | Ciliated simple columnar filled with CSF |
| What is the difference between electrical and chemical signalling? | Electrical is linked via gap junction Faster than chemical but lack gain (where signal becomes larger than original) Eg. defensive reflexes/fight or flight |
| Identify the cells of the CNS | |
| What do Schwann Cells in the PNS do? | They wrap around all axons and are either: 1. Myelinating 2. Nonmyelinating but maintain axons Support nerve regeneration |
| What do Statillate Cells in the PNS do? | Surround cells and regulate O2/CO2/nutrient/neurotransmitter levels |
| Which neurons of the PNS have cell bodies in ganglia outside of the CNS and have no synapses outside the CNS? | Sensory (somatic and autonomic) neurons Synapse in CNS instead (dendrites extend into CNS) |
| Motor neurons with ganglia outside the CNS belong to the ...nervous system and always have .... | Autonomic nervous system Synapses outside the CNS |
| Motor neurons that do not have ganglia outside the CNS and have cell bodies in the CNS belong to the ...nervous system | Somatic |
| Spinal nerves are | Somatic neurons/special senses neurons that originate from spinal cord |
| Cranial nerves are | Somatic neurons/special senses neurons that originate from brain |
| Efferent motor neurons are located where in the spinal nerve? | Ventral root |
| Sensory neurons are located where in the spinal nerve? | Dorsal root ganglion |
| What is in the dorsal/ventral ramus? | Mixed nerves (motor and sensory) |
| What is the difference between grey and white matter in a spinal nerve? | White matter mainly has myelinated axons Grey matter contains: - cell bodies of interneurons/motor neurons - neuroglia cells - unmyelinated axons |
| What is a myotome? | An area of skeletal muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve |
| What is a dermatome? | A area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve |
| Which part of the PNS has 2 neurons in series, with the first being in the CNS with an axon going to the ... ganglion? | Autonomic Ganglion |
| What happens after a synapse in the autonomic ganglion? | Axon of effected neuron carries signal to target organ (eg. smooth muscle) |
| Which part of the PNS has axons that arise from the cell body in the CNS and travels ALL THE WAY to the effector organ? What neurotransmitter is used? | Somatic nervous system Ach |
| Which neurotransmitters are involved in the autonomic nervous system? | Always ACh (cholinergic) for preganglionic then: 1. Norarenaline (adrenergic) for SNS (short-long) 2. Ach (cholinergic) for PNS (long-short) |
| In the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nerves arise from? | T1-L2 |
| In the autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic nerves arise from? | Brainstem and S2-S4 (craniosacral) |
| What are nerve plexuses? | Network of intersecting nerves serving same area of body Contains: Afferent AND efferent nerves from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels |
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