BMS03-1013- Cell Signalling 2

Description

function and action of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. main features of the insulin receptor and the function of the tyrosine kinase domain. Outline a physiological/metabolic process regulated by a tyrosine kinase-dependent mechanism. Outline the function and action of ligand-gated receptors and ion channels. Outline a physiological process regulated by ion channels. Describe the function and action of steroid hormone receptors. Outline a steroid hormone physiological process
Evian Chai
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
Evian Chai
Created by Evian Chai over 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
What are the three types of ionotropic receptors? What does each do? 1. Trimeric (uses K+/Ca2+/Na+) Depolarises 2. Tetrameric (Glutamate/AMPA) Depolarises 3. Pentameric (NACHR/Glycine/GABA) Depolarises+Hyperpolarises
What normally keeps ionotropic receptors closed? Hydrophobic AA Chain
What happens when a ligand binds to an ionotropic receptor? Conformational change as hydrophilic parts of pore orient inwards to let pore in
Where is the tyrosine kinase receptor located and what is its structure? 1. Located on the membrane 2. Transmembrane receptor with ligand binding site and 3 Tyr on bottom
What first happens when a ligand binds to a monomer of TKR? Dimerisation, 2 TKR joined by disulphide bonds
How is the dimerised TKR activated? Autophosphorylation
What does activated TKR do? Recruits and activates RAS activating protein, which leads to GDP-->GTP on RAS
What does activated RAS do? activates MAP kinase signalling, wherein activated MAP Kinase kinase kinase phosphorylated to MAP Kinase
What does MAP Kinase change? Protein phosphorylation/gene transcription, leading to cell signalling
What is an example of TKR? Insulin
What does insulin do? 1. Increase glucose/fat/protein formation 2. Increase glucose uptake 3. Increase glucose utilisation 4. Increase glycogen formation
Where are DNA Binding/nuclear receptors located? In the cell
What is the structure of DNA Binding/Nuclear receptors? Has 1. Ligand binding site 2. Zinc fingers for DNA binding 3. Coactivator region
What occurs when a hydrophobic cell enters a molecule and binds to a nucleur receptor? Dimerization
What occurs following the dimerisation of a nuclear receptor? Translocation of the receptor into the nucleus, where it binds to regulatory parts of DNA
What do nuclear receptors impact? mRNA transcription and changes in protein synthesis
What are examples of nuclear receptors? Steroid/thyroid hormone/Vit D/Glucocorticoid/Retinoic Acid/retinoid/Sex hormone receptors
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