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Description
Flashcards by Holly Bamford, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Holly Bamford
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What does a nucleus do? | Controls the activities of the cell Contains genes Carry out instructions for making new cells |
| What does Cytoplasm do? | most chemical reactions needed for life take place here |
| What does the cell membrane do? | controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell |
| What do the mitochondria do? | oxygen is used here and the energy from respiration is released |
| A-Cell Membrane B-Cytoplasm C-Nucleus D-Mitochondria E-Ribosome F-Chloroplast G-Vacuole H-Cell Wall | |
| What is found only in a plant cell and not an animal cell? | Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast |
| What are some types of specialised cells? | Fat cells Cone Cells Root hair cells Sperm Cells |
| What is diffusion? | The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| What affects the rate of diffusion? | Difference in concentration |
| What is a tissue? | a group of cells with a similar structure and function. |
| What is an organ? | Organs are made of tissues |
| What organs form the digestive system? | Mouth, stomach, liver, gall bladder, bile duct, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas |
| What are the plant organs? | stems roots and leaves |
| What is the equation for photosynthesis? | carbon dioxide + Water > glucose + oxygen (+Light Energy) |
| What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis? | CO2 Concentation Light intensity Temperature |
| What do plants do with the glucose they make? | use it for respiration convert insoluble starch for storage to produce fats and oils for storage to produce cellulose for use in the cells and cell walls. |
| How do plants store food? | Glucose is converted to starch |
| How can we control the environment in which plants are grown? | it can be artificially control so that the optimum temp. CO2 concentration and light intensity is met. |
| What factors affect the distribution of organisms in their natural environment? | -temperature -nutrients -light intensity -water availability -CO2 & O2 avaliability |
| What is a quadrat? | is the simplest way to sample an area |
| What is a protein? | molecules made up of long chains of amino acids |
| What do proteins do? | act as: structural components of tissues hormones antibodies catalysts |
| What is an enzyme? | A biological catalyst |
| How does temperature affect enzymes? | As the temperature increases so does the rate of reaction, until the optimum temperature were it works best and then if the temperature continues to increase can denature the active site. |
| Were are digestive enzymes made? | In special cells in the glands and in the lining of the gut. |
| How are enzymes involved in the digestion of your food? | Different enzymes catalyse the breakdown of carbs fats proteins into smaller soluble molecules. |
| Why does the stomach contain HCl? | Enzymes in the stomach work pest in acidic conditions |
| Why is bile important in digestion? | bile neutralises acid and emulsifier fats. |
| What do biological detergents contain? | Protease and lipase |
| What is aerobic respiration? | glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water(+energy) |
| Were in the cells does respiration take place? | In the mitochondria |
| Why do mitochondria have folded inner membranes? | to create a large surface area for maximum respiration |
| How does the body respond to the increased demands for oxygen during exercise? | increased heart rate glycogen is converted to glucose blood flow to muscles increases. |
| What is anaerobic respiration? | glucose->lactic acid |
| What is mitosis? | the cell division in normal body cells-producing two identical cells |
| What is meiosis? | cell division where the chromosome number is reduced by half |
| How do new species rise? | When two populations become isolated |
| How do populations become isolated? | When they are separated geographically |
| What alleles are selected in a new environment? | alleles are selected that increase successful breeding in the new enviroment |
| How does speciation take place in an isolated population? | when an isolated population becomes so different from the original population that interbreeding can no longer take place. |
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