Cardiovascular System

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Trinity College Dublin Advanced Anatomy and Physiology (Nervous System Lecture 1) Flashcards on Cardiovascular System, created by Elaine Corrigan on 28/09/2013.
Elaine Corrigan
Flashcards by Elaine Corrigan, updated more than 1 year ago
Elaine Corrigan
Created by Elaine Corrigan about 11 years ago
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Question Answer
What is the cardiac cycle? This includes all the events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during a single heart beat.
What is Diastole? o.4 sec Atrial and ventricular relaxation Blood returning from circulation..venous return Main function: Filling in preparation for contraction
What is atrial systole? Active phase; 0.1 sec Atrial muscle contraction initiated by electrical stimulation. as a result of contraction blood remaining in atria is forced into ventricles Main function: completion of filling of the ventricles Ventricles now contain on average 110ml.. full
What is ventricular systole? Active phase 0.3 sec ventricular muscle contraction initated by electrical stimulation due to increase pressure at begining of this phase the A-V valves are forced closed. Due to increasing pressure shortly after the beginning of this phase the aortic and pulmonary valves are forced open blood ejected into circulation main function:eject blood from heart an average of 70ml
What is a heart sound ? Interruption in blood flow make noises The closure of valves interupts blood flow Valves close due to pressure gradients
First heart sound closure of mitral and tricuspid valves Begining of systole
Second heart sound? closure of aortic and pulmonary valves end of systole
Stroke volume = volume of blood ejected from the heart per minutes (ejection fraction) 70ml heart rate x stroke volume
What is vasoconstriction? Increase sympathetic stimulation results in increases muscle contraction which then results in: increased muscle tone. increase vessel thickness decreased lumen size increase peripheral resistance
What is vasodilatation ? Generally due to decreased sympathetic stimulation causing decreased muscle contraction which results in : muscle tone , vessel thickness, lumen size and peripheral resistance.
What is hydrostatic pressure? It is blood pressure which tends to drive fluid out of the bloodstream
What is osmotic pressure? Osmotic pressure of the blood tends to pull water back in due to plasma proteins in blood
How much aterial fluid moves out of the capillaries per day? 24l
Function fo the lymphatic system? to collect and return surplus interstitial fluid and plasma proteins to the blood. To defend the body against invading organisms by means of the immune system. To absorb lipids for the digestive tract.
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