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| Question | Answer |
| Determinants of Health | Refers to the: -Behavioral -Physical/Environmental -Social -Biological factors which influence health |
| Behavioral Determinants : Refers to the way in which people chose to live and behave | -Sun Protection -Level of Physical Activity -Food intake -Substance use -Sexual Practices |
| Physical environment determinants: Refers to physical surroundings in which an individuals exist on daily basis | -Tobacco smoke in home -Housing environment -Work environment - Access to recreational facilities |
| Social determinants : Refers to influences relating to contact with other members of the community | -Family cohesion -Socioeconomic background -Media - Community and civic participation -Access to education |
| Biological Determinants: Refers to determinants relating to the body that affect health | -Genetics -Blood Pressure -Body Weight -Cholesterol levels |
| Essential Nutrients | -Protein -Carbohydrates -Fats -Vitamins -Minerals -Water |
| Macro nutrients vs Micro nutrients | Macro: Protein, Carbs, Fats, Water Micro: Vitamins, Minerals |
| Nutrients definition | Nutrients are substances found in food that are required for growth and maintenance of the body and it’s systems |
| Vitamins and Minerals | Vitamins – Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, B12 Minerals- Iron, Calcium, Iodine, Sodium, Flouride, Phosphorus. |
| Carbohydrates | -Simple Carbs: -Complex Carbs: -Fibre: Primary Source of energy |
| Protein | found in red meat, animal products, milk and cheese |
| Interrelationship of Nutrients | Youths needs are Provide Energy Blood production Soft Tissue Development Hard Tissue Development |
| Interrelationship nutrients Energy: | B- group vitamins – allow the release of energy Fat – also a fuel for energy Protein – secondary energy source Carbohydrate - the fuel for energy (main fuel source) Iodine – needed for the formation of thyroxin (the hormone needed for the metabolism of energy) Iron – Forms part of the haemoglobin, essential for carrying oxygen around the body |
| Interrelationship Nutrients Blood Production: | Lipids –required for the formation of cell membranes Protein- the main building material and also forms the globin part of haemoglobin. Water – the main component of blood Folate & Vitamin B 12 – required for red blood cell formation. Vitamin C – assists in iron absorption Iron – required for the haem part of haemoglobin production |
| Interrelationship Nutrients Soft Tissue: | Lipids- maintains and develops cell membranes Folate – assist protein Water – all chemcial reactions occur in water and water is present in soft tissue cells Vitamin C – forms connective tissues Vitamin A – required for cell division Protein – the main building material |
| Interrelationship Nutrients Hard Tissue: | Protein – main building material Calcium – hardening material of hard tissue Phosphorus – works with calcium to harden the bones vitamin C - forms connective tissue Vitamin A - required for cell division Vitamin D – required for the absorption of calcium |
| SHORT-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES | Health conditions of major concern during youth include:- Overweight and/or Obesity Insulin Resistance Anaemia Dental Caries |
| LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES | Adult Obesity Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Colorectal Cancer Osteoporosis |
| Obesity | -occurs due to an energy imbalance - Energy dense foods contribute ( fats, sugars, starch, high GI foods) |
| BMI | -BMI is the most common measurement to determine if an individual is of a healthy weight. BMI = weight (kg) ______________________ (height (m) x height (m)) A BMI of 25 to 29.9 = overweight A BMI over 30 = obese |
| Diabetes | This begins in youth with a condition known as INSULIN RESISTANCE. Often referred to as pre-diabetes). This is when the hormone, Insulin, becomes less effective at managing sugar (glucose) levels in the blood. GI = Glycaemic Index. GI refers to the rate at which the food is broken down and releases glucose into the blood stream. Ideally foods should be broken down slowly = low GI foods. |
| Food Selection models | The 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) model The Healthy Living Pyramid. |
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