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Description
Flashcards by bronwyn831, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by bronwyn831
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| In which part of a cell is genetic information found? | nucleus |
| Where is DNA found? | in the chromosomes. |
| What is the 'twisted ladder' structure of DNA called? | double helix |
| How many PAIRS of chromosomes do humans have? | 23 |
| What is the unit of inheritance? | Genes |
| Give another word for a sex cell. | Gametes |
| Offspring inherit information from their parents but don't look exactly like them. Why? | Because they have both parents genes mixed together to create a whole different set. Which is why nobody has the same DNA as anyone else. |
| Why do chromosomes come in pairs? | one from each parent |
| What is special about a clone? | Their genetic information is exactly the same as the parent's? |
| Which reproduction shows variety? Why? | Sexual. Asexual reproduction only involves one parent. |
| Why is variety important? | It gives a species a greater chance in surviving. |
| What are the advantages of tissue culture cloning? | Allows you to make 1000s of clones from 1 tissue sample. It guarantees offspring with the same genetic structure. |
| What is the disadvantage of tissue culture cloning? | It is expensive to do and (in a bad way) provides no variation. |
| What is variation? | variation is.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. |
| In animal cloning, what part of an animal is cloned? | An embryo with the genetic information of the adult. |
| What are the advantages of adult cell cloning? | 1. they can be engineered to produced medically useful animals. 2. save animals from extinction. 3. could help in fertile couples if human babies were cloned. |
| What are the disadvantages of adult cell cloning? | 1. could lead to cloning human babies. 2. the reduction of variation in a population or species therefore making it less able to survive. |
| How many animals in an adult cell cloning process are involved? | 3: 1 provides the adult cell nucleus, 1 provides the empty ovum and 1 body in which the embryo grows. |
| What is genetic engineering? | when you take a gene from one organism and transfer it to the genetic material of another organism. |
| What is a bacterium ring of DNA called? | a plasmid. |
| How is the insulin gene taken out of one organism to be put in another? | it is cut by an enzyme |
| Give a use for bacterium when genetically engineered. | to make drugs and hormones that are used in medicines. |
| Why are genes inserted into animals and plants as well as bacteria? | to give them the required characteristics during early development from the other organism. |
| What are the advantages of genetic engineering? | 1. g.e. bacteria can make exactly the protein and quantity we need in pure form. 2. g.e. genes help to improve the growth rates/quality/quantity/required characteristics of plants and animals. |
| What is a genetic disease? | A disease that has been passed down due to being in a gene. |
| What is a disadvantage of genetic engineering? | no one knows what all the long term affects might be; insects may become immune to pesticide-producing plants. |
| How are seeds in a packet produced? | Using the cloning tissue method so 1000's can be produced. |
| How does tissue culture differ from taking cuttings? | tissue culture can produce 1000's of clones all genetically the same. |
| How can a cow produce 30 or more calves in a year? | because their embryos are cloned making them genetically responsible for the calves. |
| Producing new plants with one parent is called..... | asexual reproduction |
| The advantage of cloning a strawberry plant is that..... | they will all taste the same |
| The disadvantage of cloning a strawberry plant is that..... | there will be no variation as they are all genetically the same. |
| Give 2 disadvantages of spraying crops with pesticides. | 1. the insect may become resistant. 2. it may be harmful to other life such as humans. |
| What use are cloned animals? | they could be put into countries where their characteristics are needed. i.e. the could produce a high calcium milk to improve health. |
| the colour of a rabbits fur is known as a ....................... | characteristic |
| the colour of a rabbits fur is controlled by a ................ | gene |
| how do we know which gender the chromosomes x and y belong to? | xy is a man xx is a woman |
| What is the difference between chromosomes in a gamete and a body cell? | in a body cell they are in pairs. |
| How do you create identical and non identifiable twins? | |
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