26721571
Description
Flashcards by Jenna Paterson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jenna Paterson
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is steatorrhea, its pathophysiology and potential causes? | - Pale, fatty stools which are difficult to flush - Caused by malabsorption of fat in the small intestine --> greater - Seen in: ○ Pancreatic insufficiency ○ Coeliac disease ○ Infection such as giardiasis |
| Several symptoms can be associated with diarrhoea. What conditions often have associated N&V? | Infection, small bowel CD, small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), diabetes (causing autonomic dysfunction) |
| Several symptoms can be associated with diarrhoea. What conditions often have associated abdominal pain? | Infection, coeliac disease, IBD, malignancy, diverticulitis (sharp, constant and in LIF) |
| Several symptoms can be associated with diarrhoea. What conditions often have associated abdominal distension/bloating? | IBS, SIBO |
| Several symptoms can be associated with diarrhoea. What conditions often have associated weight loss? | Malignancy, coeliac, chronic pancreatitis, IBD, ischaemia |
| Why might you see blood in the stools? | Invasive pathogens IBD Malignancy Ischaemia Haemorrhoids/piles |
| Why might you see mucus/pus in the stools? | Seen when colon becomes inflammed or infected |
| What systemic diseases can cause diarrhoea and why? | Hyperthyroidism Adrenal disease Diabetes Systemic sclerosis Various mechanisms including bacterial overload, autonomic dysfunction and contaminant drug use. |
| What surgeries may predispose someone to diarrhoea and why? | Vagotomy: upper GI surgery done to reduce rate of gastric secretions (cutting one or more branches of the vagus nerve) --> 'dumping syndrome' - rapid gastric emptying of liquids and diarrhoea Cholecystectomy, ileal resection --> bile acid malabsorption, which stimulates secretion of fluid and colonic motility Abdominal surgery --> SIBO due to post-op adhesions, blind loop syndrome (food doesn't follow normal digestion route and bypasses a section of intestine due to bacterial overgrowth) Small bowel resection --> short bowel syndrome, as resulting length is not long enough to preserve fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. |
| What drugs are important to consider in a diarrhoea history? | Antibiotics esp. macrolides including erythromycin, and recent therapy - risk of C diff infection with cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones NSAIDs, Mg-containing products, Hypoglycaemic agents e.g. metformin, gliptins, anti-neoplastic agents |
| Is smoking a risk factor for UC or Crohn's | Crohn's - 2x risk |
| What is the definition of diarrhoea? | "The abnormal passage of ≥3 loose stools per day and/or increased stool frequency from what is normal for the individual lasting <14 days and/or stool weight >200g/day." |
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