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Description
Flashcards by Brigid Vella, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Brigid Vella
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Weathering | The breaking and decomposition of rocks, by physical, biological & chemical processes |
| How many types of Weathering? | 1. Chemical 2. Physical 3. Biological |
| Chemical Weathering | 1. Chemicals (eg. carbon dioxide) from pollution added to water vapour in the atmosphere - Acid rain 2. Acid rain dissolves limestone which is weakened and washed away |
| Physical Weathering | Change in temperature causing Expansion & Contraction of rocks (example - in a desert) 1. Freeze -thaw weathering/Frost Shattering 2. Onion-skin weathering |
| Freeze/thaw Weathering or Frost Shattering | 1. Water seeps into cracks - daytime 2. Temperature falls below 0° - at night 3. Water freezes and expands 4. Cracks become wider, rocks split apart |
| Onion-skin Weathering | 1. High temp. - outer layer of rock expands 2. Low temp. - outer layer of rock contracts 3. Continuous Expansion & Contraction - small pieces of rock break down 4. Layers of rock start to peel off (like the skin of an onion) |
| Biological Weathering | Plants Seed falls in a crack - grows into a plant - Roots expand - pressure on rock - split rock apart Animals Remains of animals - decay & burrowing - breaks down rocks |
| Erosion | 1. wearing away of rocks 2. Transportation by wind by water (river/sea) by ice 3. deposition |
| The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of land. | Topography/Relief |
| Rivers | 1. Flowing bodies of water 2. In every country (except Antarctica) 3. Carry huge quantities of water from land to sea |
| Source of a river | Mountain (Snow melts) |
| How many courses does a river have? | 3 sections 1. Upper course 2. middle course 3. lower course |
| Two features in Upper Course | 1. v-shaped valley 2. Waterfall (Niagara Falls) |
| Two features in Middle Course | 1. Meander 2. Oxbow lake |
| Two features in Lower Course | 1. Flood Plain 2. Delta (the mouth of a river) |
| The Longest River | River Nile in Egypt |
| River Flooding | Cause: Heavy Rainfall, Snow melts, deforestation, Urbanization Impact: Damages to properties, drowning of fields, ruining of crops Benefits: Fertile Soil, washes away pollution |
| Flood Control | Dam Afforestation Flood warning systems Sand bags |
| Three types of Sandy beaches in Malta | Natural Beach (Għajn Tuffieħa, Ramla l-Ħamra) Beach Replenishment (Pretty Bay in Birżebbuġa) Man-made/Artificial Beach (St. George's Bay) |
| What is this called? | Meander -found in the middle course of a river- |
| This is called....... | Ox-bow Lake -found in the middle course of a river- |
| What is this formation and where do you find it? | Delta -found in the lower course of a river- |
| What is this? | V-shaped valley -found in the upper course of a river- |
| What type of landform is this? Where is it found | Waterfall -found in the upper course of a river- |
| What type of landform is this? Where is it found? | Gorge -found in the Upper course of a river- |
| COASTS Features of a headland (erosion bay and headland) | Crack Cave (Blue Grotto) Arch (Azure Window) Stack Stump (Sikka) |
| What is this landform called? | Stack |
| What is this landform? | Arch (Azure Window) |
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