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Description
Flashcards by sufyaan.suleman., updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sufyaan.suleman.
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Early 1800s Problems | - Food Adultered - Air Pollution - Lack of doctors - Lack of sewers - Waste disposed on streets - Overcrowding -High Death Rates - Laissez - Faire |
| What was the impact of industry? | - Overcrowding - Air pollution - Poor quality housing : no planning permission and building standard regulations - Poor working conditions |
| Describe John Snow's work | - Linked contaminated water and cholera - Wrote essay in 1849 - Identified water pump as source of disease - Death rates decreased - Got handle of pump removed - Report did not lead to new PHA |
| Impact of Government | - Introduced regulations - Attempted to provide fresh water and remove sewage - Introduced PHA 1848 |
| Describe Bazalgette's work | - Extensive network of sewers - Transported waste away from populated areas - Design became blueprint for many cities - Sewers stopped cholera outbreaks |
| What happened in 1832? | - Cholera epidemic - Infected sewage got into drinking water - Deaths from water loss |
| What did Disraeli do? | - Prime Minister - PHA 1875 - Artisans Dwelling Act : allowed authorities to provide housing for poor and destroy slums |
| Describe Chadwick's Report | - Improved PH and healthy workforce would save money - Described levels of sickness - Discovered solutions for existing problems |
| What did Farr do? | - Used info on births and deaths - Showed where death rates were highest - linked bad living conditions with high death rates - Wrote report |
| What were the limitations of Chadwick's report? | - Opposed by tax-payers - Argumentative nature - Report not lead to immediate reform - Influence faded in 1850s |
| What impact did Farr's report have? | - Put pressure on local government to make changes - No big change - Only some towns responded |
| What happened in 1875? | - PHA 1875 - Medical officer of health - Provide clean water - Collect rubbish - Provided street lighting |
| Describe public opinions | - Well respected writers wrote of poor living conditions. - Socialists argued wealth be equally spread - Labour Party gave financial help to poor |
| Why was there reform in the late 19th Century? | - Pasteur's germ theory - Working class got the vote |
| Give 3 examples of Philanthropists | - Cadbury's - Lever Brothers - Friendly Societies |
| What happened in 1858 | The Great Stink |
| How did the Cadbury help people? | - They built Bourneville where quality homes and improved lifestyles were provided for workers |
| How did the Lever Brothers help people? | -Built Port Sunlight - 800 homes - Schools - Church -Hospital |
| Why did the Great Stink happen? | - Hot weather - Human waste collected in cesspits - Smell of untreated waste rose |
| What did the Friendly Societies do? | - Workers were paid each week - Got medical help and benefits |
| What was the Great Stinks effect? | - Government accepted Bazalgette's proposal - Stopped Parliament meeting |
| What did the Beveridge Report lead to? | - Minister appointed to control insurance schemes - Weekly payments from workers towards insurance fund - Pensions and grants for people inured at work - New NHS established |
| Who was Chamberlain and what did he do? | - Mayor of Birmingham - Persuaded city authorities to buy local water and gas companies so people could have a good supply of both - Founded drainage board - Cleared large area of the city's slums |
| What happened in 1908? What were its drawbacks? | - Old age pensions - People had to be British - Money was too less - Many needed help before 70 |
| What happened in 1946? | - National Insurance Act - Extended 1911 act to all adults - Benefits restricted to limited citizens - NHS act - Free medical/dental/optical treatment |
| What happened in 1906 | - Free school meals - School meals rose by 5 million by 1914 - Not compulsory till 1914 |
| Before NHS | - People had to pay for treatments - Poor couldn't afford proper treatment |
| What happened in 1907 | - Medical Inspections in schools |
| What did Aneuran Bevan do? | - Introduced NHS - Believed same medical treatment for everyone - Powerful personality won support - Allowed doctors to do private work - Gave salary to doctors |
| What were the limitations of the NHS? | - High costs - Charges for spectacles and dental treatment from 1950 - Fewer private patients for doctors |
| What happened in 1912? | - Free medical treatment - Ignored by education authorities |
| What was successful about the NHS? | - 95% of medical profession joined NHS - Popular |
| What was the national insurance act and what did it provide? | - Free medical treatment - Sickness benefit - Maternity benefit - Unemployment benefit - Provided care for 21 million |
| What was the impact of the NHS on women? | - Women's health made a priority - Life expectancy of women had risen |
| Describe the Liberal Reforms effect | - Transition from Laissez - Faire - Limited effect on poverty - Pensions inadequate - Benefits limited to certain trades |
| What was the impact of the NHS on doctors? | - Team building skills - Given salary |
| What did Booth and Rowntree do? | - Sponsored investigations into poor - Found 30% lived in or below poverty level - Main cause of poverty as illness, unemployment, and age |
| What were the ideas of causes on disease in the early 1800s? | - Miasma - God causing illness slowly became ridiculous - Galen and Hippocrates mostly proved wrong - Spontaneous Generation |
| How did the Boer War improve Public Health? | - Difficult to find young fit men - 1/3 of recruits refused for medical reasons - Questions asked about physical condition of working class men |
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