Question | Answer |
Flexion | Decreasing the inner angle of the joint |
Extension | Increasing the inner angle of the joint |
Abduction | Moving away from the midline of the body |
Adduction | Moving towards the midline of the body |
Lateral flexion | Side-bending of head (cervical lateral flexion) or torso (torso lateral flexion) |
Rotation | Rotating or pivoting around a long axis. Medial = inwards/towards the midline Lateral = outwards/away from the midline |
Circumduction | Circular movement |
Dorsiflexion | Flexing the anle with the foot moving upwards |
Plantaflexion | Flexing the anle with the foot moving downwards |
Pronation | Rotating the forearm with the palm turning downwards or rolling of the foot inwards |
Supination | Rotating of the forearm with the palm turning outwards or rolling of the foot outwards |
Elevation | Draw upwards (shoulder/hip) |
Depression | Draw downwards (of shoulder or hip) |
Protraction | Draw forward (shoulder/head) |
Retraction | Draw back (shoulder/head) |
Horizontal abduction | Moving the arm in a horizontal plan away from the midline of the body |
Horizontal adduction | Moving the arm in a horizontal plane inwards towards the midline of the body |
Radial deviation (abduction) | With palm facing forward, hand moves from wrist away from the body |
Ulna deviation (adduction) | With palm facing forward, hand moves from wrist towards the body |
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