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Description
Flashcards by Qashrina Collier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Qashrina Collier
almost 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a disaster? | UN defines disaster as: 'a serious disruption of the functioning of a community/society involving widespread human/material/ eco/env losses & impacts, which exceeds ability of affected community/society to cope using its own resources. |
| What is a natural hazard? | A natural hazard is a natural events that has the potential to harm people and their property. |
| The Pressure and Release Model | Analyses factors that cause pop to be vulnerable to hazard. Hazards on one side. Dif factor on other, dynamic & often not related to hazard e.g. poverty |
| CASE STUDY: Japan 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Developed) IMPACTS | -Magnitude 9 & caused tsunami. -16,000 deaths (60% old ppl), 6000 injuries. -$300 billion in eco loss, 46,000 buildings destroyed &145,000 damaged. -Destroyed Fukushima nuclear power plant -Global effects: manufacturing disrupted + exports. Caused closing of nuclear factories due to possible impacts like Japan. |
| CASE STUDY: Japan 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Developed) PREPARATION & RESPONSE | -Hazard training at work/schools, sent phone warning , earthquake resistant buildings, earthquake survival kits, predicted tsunami but wrong height so ppl thought safe behind sea wall,10m sea wall. -Relief efforts from other countries, temp shelter, emergency centres. |
| CASE STUDY: Nepal 2015 earthquake (Developing) | Magnitude 7.9 Landslides, avalanches 9000 deaths, 22,000 injured $5 billion in losses 50% pop live below poverty line ($1.25 a day) |
| CASE STUDY: Nepal 2015 earthquake (Developing) | -Earthquake Risk Management Project as preparedness initiative. Instituted an earthquake scenario program that simulated an emergency situation. |
| CASE STUDY: Haiti 2010 earthquake (Developing) | -mg 7, 52 aftershocks -killed 200,000 ppl -1.5 million homeless -$8 bn in costs -70% buildings collapsed -Caused cholera epidemic: killed 10,000, infected 800,000. |
| CASE STUDY: Haiti 2010 earthquake (Developing) | -corrupt governance: left ppl vulnerable as slum housing, ineffectual water supply and endemic poverty. -Relief team struggled as many health workers killed -Dominican republic send supplies, Iceland gave emergency response team. |
| CASE STUDY: Iceland 2010 Eyjafjallajokull volcano (Developed) IMPACTS | -Exploded under ice sheet so melting ice caused ash cloud. -100,000 cancelled flights cost over £1 billion. trade affected, manufacturing, foods from farm, couldn't get to work. |
| CASE STUDY: Iceland 2010 Eyjafjallajokull volcano (Developed) PREPARATION AND RESPONSE | -20 European country affected by closure of airspace. Ash from ash cloud could be ingested by jets. -Emergency beds set up for passengers. -Aid for red cross. -predicted using seismic monitoring |
| CASE STUDY: Phillipines 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption (Developing) IMPACTS | -Exploded as result of highly gas charged magma. -850 deaths -$700 million in eco damage 1.2 million lost their homes -Typhoon at same time caused lahars of ash. |
| CASE STUDY: Phillipines 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption (Developing) PREPARATION AND RESPONSE | -Eruption predicted by seismometers -75,000 ppl evacuated. -Evacuation camps -Alert systems |
| What is the Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS)? | Measures earthquake magnitudes by measuring energy released. Logarithmic scale e.g. 6 mg 10x more ground shaking than 5 mg. |
| What is the Mercalli scale? | measures earthquake intensity on a scale of I-XII. Measures what ppl feel during earthquake. Cannot easily compare as shaking experienced depends on building type/quality, ground conditions etc. |
| What is the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)? | mg of volcanic eruption. Ranges from 0-8 & combines eruption height/volume of material (ash, gas, tephra) erupted & duration. |
| What is a hazard profile? | Used to compare tectonic events, allow better understanding & risks. |
| What characteristics of hazards present the highest risk? | High mg, low freq- not 'expected' as unlikely to occur. Rapid onset events w/ low predictability- occur in many places, w/o warning. regional areal extent- affect large no of ppl in wide range of locations. |
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