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| Question | Answer |
| Mesopotamia | between two rivers |
| Sumerians | one of the ancient civilizations and historical regions in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze age |
| Polytheistic | refers to the worship of or belief in multiple deities usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own religions and rituals. |
| Ziggurats | were massive structures built in the ancient Mesopotamian valley and western Iranian plateau, having the form of a terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels. |
| Theocracy | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god |
| Cuneiform | denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets. |
| Hammurabi Law code | Earliest Law code |
| Patriarchal | government controlled by men |
| Nile River | The Nile, a north-flowing river in Africa, is among the world’s longest waterways, famed for its ancient history and archaeological sites. |
| Inundation | flooding. |
| Cataracts | Waterfalls |
| King menes | Menes was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the early dynastic period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the first dynasty |
| Dynasty | sequence of rulers from the same family |
| Pharaoh | a ruler in ancient Egypt. |
| Vizier | a high official in some Muslim countries, especially in Turkey under Ottoman rule. |
| Mummification | to make (a dead body) into a mummy, as by embalming and drying. |
| ba + ka | The ba is everything other than the body that makes a person an individual. The ba is also the link between life on earth and the afterlife Ka is the supposed spiritual part of an individual human being or god, which survived (with the soul) after death and could reside in a statue of the person. |
| Canopic jars | Canopic jars were used by the Ancient Egyptians during the mummification process to store and preserve the viscera of their owner for the afterlife |
| Great Pyramid | The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intac |
| King Khufu | Khufu, originally Khnum-Khufu, is the birth name of a Fourth Dynasty ancient Egyptian pharaoh, who ruled in the first half of the Old Kingdom period. |
| Sphinx | mythical creature with, as a minimum, the head of a human and the body of a lion. In Greek tradition, it has the head of a human, the haunches of a lion, and sometimes the wings of a bird. |
| Old Kingdom | The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to the period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement |
| Middle Kingdom | The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (also known as The Period of Reunification) is the period in the history of ancient Egypt between about 2000 BC and 1700 BC, |
| New kingdom | The New Kingdom of Egypt, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt. |
| Queen Hatshepsut | fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. He built some minor monuments and initiated at least two minor campaigns but did little else during his rule and was probably strongly influenced by his wife |
| Tutankhamen | Tutankhamun was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom. He is colloquially referred to as King Tut. |
| Ramses II | Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. |
| Cleopatra VII | Cleopatra VII Philopator, known to history as Cleopatra, was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. She was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a family of Greek origin that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's death during the Hellenistic period. |
| Scribe | A scribe is a person who writes books or documents by hand in hieroglyphics, cuneiform or other scripts and may help keep track of records. |
| Hieroglyphics | Egyptian hieroglyphs were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood. |
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