AP NSL Chapter 2

Question	Answer
Constitution	A nation's basic law. It creates political institutions, assigns or dives powers in government, often provides guarenteed rights to citizens
Declaration of Independence	The document approved by representatives of the American colonies to declare their independence.
Natural Rights	Rights inherent in human beings
Consent to be govened	The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people
Limited Government	The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on the government
Articles of Confederation	The first constitution of the USA. Established a national legislature, the continental congress but most authority rested in the states.
Shay's Rebellion	A series of attacks on courthouses by farmers to block foreclosure proceedings.
U.S. Constitution	The document that sets the institutional structure of the U.S. government.
Factions	Interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth.
New Jersey Plan	Proposal that called for equal representation for each state in Congress, regardless of state population
Virginia Plan	The proposal that called for each state to have representation proportionate to state population.
Connecticut Compromise	The compromise that established two houses each implementing the Virginia plan in the House of Representatives, and the New Jersey plan in the Senate.
writ of habeas corpus	A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody.
Separation of powers	A feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government to be relatively independent of each other.
Checks and balances	Features of the constitution that limits the government's power.
Republic	A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.
Federalists	Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time of ratification.
Anti-Federalist	Opponents of the American Constitution.
Federalist Papers	Collection of articles written to defend the constitution.
Bill of Rights	The first then amendments to the American Constitution. Provided basic rights.
Equal Rights Amendments	A constitutional amendment stating equality of rights cannot be denied by any state.
Marbury v. Madison	First time the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution.
Judicial Review	The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress, and by implication the executive, are in accord with the U.S. Constitution.

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