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Description
Flashcards by Joseph Chan9712, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Joseph Chan9712
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Federalism | A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. |
| Unitary Governments | A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government. |
| Intergovernmental relations | The workings of the federal system |
| Supremacy clause | Article VI of the Constitution. Makes national laws, the Constitution, and treaties supreme over state laws. |
| Tenth Amendment | Constitution amendment saying that all powers not given to the national government will be given to the states. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national govenmnet over state govenments. |
| Enumerated powers | Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution |
| Implied powers | Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution. |
| Elastic clause | Final paragraph of Article 1, Section 8. Authorizes Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8. |
| Full faith and credit | A clause of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by other states |
| Extradition | A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed. |
| Privileges and immunities | A clause in the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states. |
| Dual federalism | A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. |
| Cooperative federalism | A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly. |
| Devolution | The transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration. |
| Fiscal federalism | The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone for the national government's relations with state and local governments. |
| Categorical grants | Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories," if state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as non discriminate provisions. |
| Project grants | Federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis on the merits of applications. |
| Formula grants | Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations. |
| Block grants | Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or comm unites to support broad programs in areas. |
| Mandates | Requirements that direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant. |
| Unfunded mandates | Congress passes a law creating financial obligations but provides no funds to meet the obligation. |
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