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| Question | Answer |
| Aerobic Respiration | The release of energy from food molecules that act as fuel for the cell. |
| Word equation for Aerobic Respiration | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O |
| Diffusion | The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Oxygen in the blood | Oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli by diffusion, it goes down its concentration gradient from a high concentation in the alveoli to a low concentration in the blood. |
| Carbon dioxide in the blood | Carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters the alveoli. |
| What is the function of the chloroplasts? | They're where photosynthesis takes place to store energy from sunlight. |
| What is the function of the cytoplasm? | It's where reactions take place in the cell. |
| What is the function of the cell membrane? | It lets substances in and out of the cell. |
| What feature is different to animal cells in yeast cells? | They have a cell wall. |
| What is in an animal cell? | Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes Mitochondria |
| What's in plant cell? | Nucleus Cell Wall Cell membrane Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Ribosomes |
| What is the function of the ribosomes? | To produce protein |
| What is the function of the mitochondria? | To produce the energy currency of the cell, through respiration, and to regulate cellular metabolism. |
| What does a bacteria cell contain? | Cell wall Cytoplasm Plasmid DNA - for extra information Chromosomal DNA - contains genetic material Flagellum |
| What are the four bases and what do they do? | The four bases are: Thymine Cytosine Adenine Guanine They form a complete nucleotide. |
| What is the genetic information in an organism called? | Its genome. |
| What are GMO's? | Genetically Modified Organisms. |
| Modern uses of GMO's | Manufacturing insulin. Crops which produce a greater yield. 2 extra genes added to produce beta-carotene. Crops resistant to disease (can lead to a lack of biodiversity). |
| What is diploid? | Have 2 copies of each chromosome (don't double dip). |
| What is haploid? | Have 1 copy of each chromosome (happy - a single emotion). |
| What is a gamete? | A sex cell. |
| What is fertilisation? | When 2 gametes fuse |
| What is sexual reproduction? | When the gametes are needed for reproduction. |
| What is asexual reproduction? | When something splits in half to reproduce. |
| What is a zygote? | The name of a cell that has a full set of chromosomes (half from mum and half from dad) and develops into an embryo. |
| Mitosis is used for? | Growth. Replacement of damaged cells. To repair worn tissue. |
| How many new cells does Mitosis create? | 2 new cells. |
| Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis | Mitosis is copying division. Meiosis is reduction division and each new cell has half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. |
| How do we clone animals? | Embryonic transplanting. |
| What are stem cells? | Unspecialised cells that can develop into almost any type of cell. |
| What is a good source of stem cells? | Early embryos. |
| What does insulin do? | Helps take in glucose. |
| Where is keratin found? | Found in human hair/nails and stags antlers. |
| What does RBC stand for? | Red Blood Cells. |
| What is protein made up of? | Protein is made up of amino acids. |
| What does anarobic respiration produce? | Lactic acid. |
| What does an enzyme in the liver break down? | Hydrogen peroxide. |
| What does every enzyme have? | An active site - the part where it joins onto its substrate to catalyze the reaction. |
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