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Lipids for Jo

Luca Massaro English 34 cards

Cards in this deck (34)

  1. 1What are LIPIDS?1 - FATS AND OILS
    2 - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    made mostly of
    CARBON AND HYDROGEN
    and containing small amounts of
    OXYGEN
  2. 2Are Lipids soluble?They are INSOLUBLE in Water
    They are SOLUBLE in Organic Solvents such as Acetone, Chloroform and Ether.
  3. 3How much of the body mass to Lipids represent?18 to 25%
  4. 4Lipids can be divided in 3 groups and 5 sub-categories. Which ones?SIMPLE LIPIDS: Triglycerides (Fats and Oils)
    COMPOUND LIPIDS: Phosphoglycerides, Sphingolipids, Glycosplingolipids
    DERIVED LIPIDS: Steroids
  5. 5What are the building blocks of SIMPLE LIPIDS?Glycerol and Fatty Acids
  6. 6How do Glycerol and Fatty Acids come together and what do they form?They are linked by a CONDENSACTION REACTION that creates an ESTER and Water
  7. 7How many hydroxyl groups does Glycerol have?Three
  8. 8How many Fatty Acids are combined to a molecule of Glycerol in a TAG*? What is created from this reaction? *Triacyl Glycerol (Triglyceride)3 Fatty Acids are combined
    They create 1 Ester and 3 molecules of water
  9. 9Describe a molecule of a Saturated Fatty Acid and of an Unsaturated Fatty acidBoth have a non polar hydrocarbon chain
    Both have a polar carboxyl group at one end
    Saturated FA possess only single bonds in their chain
    Unsaturated FA possess one or more double bonds in their chain
  10. 10What is the structural difference between Saturated and Unsaturated FA?SATURATED FA have straight chains (single bonded) and pack closely together. Solid at room temperature.
    UNSATURATED FA have bends in their chains (double bonded) and can't pack as closely together. Liquid at room temperature
  11. 11What kind of Fatty Acid is present in Animals TAGs?Saturated Fatty Acids
    they create FATS
  12. 12What kind of Fatty Acid is present in Plants TAGs?Unsaturated Fatty Acids
    they create OILS
  13. 13Name three functions of the Fatty Acids- They can be broken down and release energy through oxidation
    - They can be built up as TAGs and form an energy store
    - They can be converted into phospolipids and become constituents of the cell membrane
  14. 14Name four functions of the Triglycerides- Primary Function: Energy store
    - they release energy
    - they produce metabolic water
    - In Animals they protect vital organs, provide insulation and buoyancy.
  15. 15Where are the Triglycerides stored?- in The Adipose Tissue under the skin and around the organs
    - in the cytoplasm, suspended in droplets
  16. 16How many tryglicerides can the adipose tissue store?Unlimited
  17. 17Use another name for PhosphoglyceridesPhospolipid
  18. 18How many types of Compound Lipids are there and what are their names?PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES (Phospolipids)
    Sphingolipids
  19. 19What are PhospolipidsThey are compound lipids formed of 1 Glycerol, 2 Fatty Acids (non polar) and 1 polar group attached to a phosphate molecule, that can form hydrogen bonds.
  20. 20How are molecules with both polar and non polar portions called?AMPHIPATHIC
  21. 21What happens to the phospate group of most phospolipids?It is esterified to the hydroxyl group of one of several alcohols, choline, ehthanolamine, glycerol, inositol.
  22. 22Describe SphingolipidsSphingolipids have one Sphingosine backbone that contains an hydrocarbon chain itself, and it connects to one fatty acid via an AMIDE BOND and one phosphate molecule.
  23. 23What is the main difference between Phospholipids and Sphingolipids?Phospolipids have a glycerol backbone, Sphingolipids have a sphingosine backbone.
  24. 24What are Glycolipids?Glycolipids are derived from Sphingosine, but have one or more sugar residues in place of the phosporylated head group.
  25. 25Describe SteroidsSteroids have four rings of carbon atoms, and they are more rigid than other lipids. Most steroids are synthetised from cholesterol.
  26. 26What is Cholesterol?Cholesterol is a Steroid. it is the metabolic precursor of steroid hormones. It has a large nonpolar region consitgting of the four rings and a hydrocarbon chain.
  27. 27Name three functions of CholesterolAs a precursor of the steroid hormones it is a structural component of membranes, precursor to bile acids and an important component of plasma lipoproteins.
  28. 28What is the basic framework of the plasma membrane around the cells and other making up the organelles?a Lipid Bilayer
  29. 29What is the Lipid Bilayer made of?75% phospholipid
    20% cholesterol
    5% glycolipid
  30. 30Why does the bilayer arrangement occur?Because lipids are amphipathic molecules, the polar hydrophilic heads lie on the outside and the non-polar hydrophobic tails lie on the inside.
  31. 31What is the role of lipids in the cell membrane?They act as a barrier to the entry or exit of charged or polar substances. Glycolipids also act as cell-identity markers.
  32. 32What are the types of proteins found in the plasma membrane?Integral proteins span the entire width of the bilayer and Peripheral proteins float on the surface of it.
  33. 33What are the main roles of the proteins in the plasma membrane?Some Integral proteins act as channels to transport polar molecules, other act as transporters that bind to polar substances and change shape during the transport across the membrane. Some act as cell identity markers or bind to other substances such as hormones.
  34. 34How is the structure of the plasma membrane known and why?It is known as the fluid mosaic model, because the proteins are free to rotate and move in their own half of the bilayer.

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Lipids: Simple, Compound and Derived
Created by
Luca Massaro
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