3819545
| Question | Answer |
| steppe | open, treeless grassland that offered pasture for the horses of Russian nomads |
| Cyrillic | Cyril and Methodius adapted the Greek alphabet so they could translate the Bible into Slavic; created an alphabet which became the written script still used today in Russia, Ukraine, Serbia, Bulgaria |
| Golden Horde | Mongol armies led by Batu into Russia, overran Russian towns and ruled for over 150 year; opened up new trade in the east, but cut off contact with Western Europe |
| Ivan the Great | recovered northern Russia and territory in Lithuania; built the framework for absolute rule; adopted Byzantine rituals to emphasis Russia's role as the heir to Byzantine power |
| Ivan the Terrible | 1st Russian ruler crowned tsar; further centralized royal power; oprichniki - agents of terror who enforced his will |
| Kiev | capital of present-day Ukraine; the center of the 1st Russian state; cultural mixing of Slavs and Vikings |
| Rurik | Prince of the Rus; began his rule of Novgorod in 862; often recognized as the origin of Russia |
| Genghis Khan | young leader who united the Mongols; Batu (his grandson) overran Russia |
| Moscow | Capital of Russian Orthodox Church; in 1380, the princes of Moscow rallied and defeated the Golden Horde |
| tsar | Russian word for Caesar; Ivan the Terrible was the first Russian ruler to be crowned tsar |
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