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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 6 signs of life? | Metabolism Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction |
| Give 2 example of physiological variable in the body which need to be kept within tight limits | Core temperature Water and electrolyte concentrations pH (acidity or alkalinity) of body fluids Blood glucose levels Blood and tissue O2/CO2 level Blood pressure |
| Give an example of something regulated by a positive feedback mechanism | Uterine contractions Milk production Blood clotting |
| Name the 4 body cavities | Cranial Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic |
| Which body cavity would you find the following organs in: a) Brain b) Ureters c) Bronchi d) Pancreas | Brain = Cranial Ureters = Pelvic Bronchi = Thoracic Pancreas = Abdominal |
| What do we call the family of cells that don’t have a nucleus? | Prokaryotae |
| What do we call the basic watery fluid inside cells? | Cytosol |
| Describe the structure of a plasma membrane | Phophoslipid bilayer Proteins |
| What do plant cells have that human cells do not? | Cell wall |
| Which human cell does not have a nucleus? | Red blood cell |
| How many pairs of chromosomes would you find in a human cell? | 23 |
| What is the job of mitochondria? | Energy production |
| What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes embedded in the surface |
| What do lysosomes contain? | Digestive enzymes |
| Which cell organelle forms cilia and flagella? | Microtubules |
| What are the names of the 2 method of cell division? | Mitosis Meiosis |
| Which type of cell stops being able to do mitosis once we are adults? | Nerve cell |
| How many chromosomes in a diploid cell? | 46 |
| Which form of cell division produces 2 identical daughter cell? | Mitosis |
| Which form of cell division is used to make gametes? | Meiosis |
| What is a mutation? | Change in the genetic code |
| What are the 2 steps of protein synthesis called? | Transcription Translation |
| Which form of transport across cell membranes requires ATP? | Active transport |
| What is osmosis? | Movement of water down its concentration gradient |
| What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion? | In facilitated diffusion the substance must pass through protein channels to get into the cell |
| What does the term physiology mean? | Study of how the body works |
| Define a tissue | Groups of cells that work together to perform a function |
| What are the 6 characteristics of life? | Movement Responsiveness Reproduction Metabolism Growth Differentiation |
| What are the 3 component of a homeostatic control system? | Detector Control centre Effector |
| What sort of feedback loop is used to control core body temperature | Negative feedback |
| What sort of feedback loop is used to control blood clotting | Positive feedback |
| What is the outcome of a homeostatic imbalance? | Disease |
| Name 3 structures you would find in the thoracic cavity | Trachea, 2 bronchi, 2 lungs, heart, aorta, superior and inferior vena cavae, blood vessels, oesophagus, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves. |
| What kind of cells are bacteria | Prokaryote |
| Give 3 functions of membrane proteins | Combined with carbohydrate molecules = immunological identity Receptors for hormones etc. Transport proteins |
| What is unique about the genes in embryological cells? | They are all switched on |
| Give the main role of the following organelles a) Mitochondria b) Golgi apparatus c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | a) Energyproduction b) Packagingplant c) Synthesiseslipidsandsteroidshormones |
| What are the names of the 2 cell structures for movement | Cilia Flagella |
| How many pairs of chromosomes in a normal human cell? | 23 |
| Which type of cell division create 4 unique daughter cells? | Meiosis |
| Name a type of cell that is continually undergoing mitosis | Skin cells |
| Suggest 2 factors that might cause a mutation | Chance, mutagenic agents like: x-rays, ultra violet rays |
| What is the purpose of protein synthesis | Use the DNA code to make the proteins the cell needs |
| What is diffusion? | Movement of a chemical substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Explain the term isotonic | Concentration of water and solutes is the same inside and outside the cell so movement of water in and out of the cell is balanced |
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