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| Question | Answer |
| Euarchonta | Four orders of mammals: Colugas, Treeshrews, Primates, Plesiadapiformes |
| Prosimian | Small insectivore, reduced snouts, larger brains ex) Tarsiers and Lemurs |
| Anthropoids | old/new world monkeys, apes, humans |
| Catarrhini | old world monkeys Contain cercopithecoidea & homonoidea |
| Platyrrhini | new world monkeys flat shape of nose, small body size, three premolar teeth, arboreality (prehensile tail used to grasp/hang from trees) |
| Cercopithecine | a catarrhini cheek pouches |
| Colobinae | catarrhini sacculated stomachs |
| Strepsirhini | lemurs and lorises |
| Haplorhini | Tarsiers*, monkeys, apes, humans |
| What characterizes a primate? | reduced reliance on smell and more reliance on vision, grasping hands/feet instead of claws, thumb, touch, increased brain, increase sociability, parental involvement in offspring |
| Anatomical differences of increased reliance of vision in primates | forward eyes, reduced snout, reduced olfactory center in brain, stereoscopic vision and color vision No postorbital bar like prosimians, fully enclosed eye sockets |
| Arboreal Hypothesis | primates adapted for life in the trees |
| Visual Predation Hypothesis | adapted for locating prey |
| mixed diet hypothesis | adapted for life in trees and locating prey |
| lemurs and lorises | lemurs: Madagascar, small lemurs avoid being hunted so are not extinct today lorises: tropical Africa and Asia, nocturnal, communicate vocally and scent mark objects |
| Tarsiers | Between prosimians and anthropoids, live in Indonesia/other near islands, carnivores, nocturnal, live in monogamous pairs |
| What is unique about Tamarins and Marmosets? | Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins) - small body size, claws, birth twins*, in some species polyandrous mating system (female has more than one mate) |
| Chimps | closest relations to humans fission fusion mating system- males and females live separately and come together to mate (temporary during mating), eat fruit, leaves, insects, and meat-hunting behavior similar to ours use tools, live by learning/culture |
| Gorillas | largest primates sexually dimorphic females birth every 4 years, when males sexually mature, silver back appears, black back before infanticide among silver backs common eat fruit, and plants |
| Orangutan | closest living kin, largest brains large, travel slowly eat fruit |
| Gibbons | Hylobates Long arms/fingers, short thumbs, rotating arms frugivorous (fruit eating) highly vocal, monogamous |
| male/female philopatry | males/females stay in group whole life and females/males migrate to reproduce |
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