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Created by Jess Molyneux
about 9 years ago
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Question | Answer |
Why might individuals decide to live close to volcanoes despite the risk? (Hint: there are 4) | Fertile soil - rich harvests Sentimentality / lack of alternative Geothermal energy Tourism |
Why is the soil near volcanoes so fertile? | Ash from previous eruptions makes it mineral rich |
Why would tourism be a factor which persuades people to stay? (Hint: there are 2 points) | Volcanoes attract millions of tourists annually This creates jobs in hotels, gift shops, as tour guides |
How can scientists calculate which volcanoes are particularly risky? (Hint: there are 7) | Past patterns Active in recent years Seismometers Thermal imaging Satellite cameras Chemical sensors Ground water measurement |
What do seismometers do? (Hint: how is this helpful?) | Detect small earthquakes (caused by magma rising up through small cracks in the crust) which are more frequent closer to an eruption |
How can seismic activity prior to an eruption be explained? (Hint: there are 2 ways) | Pressure on boundary Magma movement |
What do thermal imaging techniques and satellite cameras detect? | Increases in temperature due to magma moving through the structure as activity increases |
What is the role of chemical sensors? | Measure levels of sulphur in gases released from volcanoes (high closer to an eruption) |
How can groundwater measurement help? | Steam eruptions (prior to explosive ones) will cause the ground to be more moist due to condensation |
What may changes in a volcano's shape indicate? (Bonus: give 2 reasons why) | Ground deformation may occur before an eruption because travelling magma: - Thermally expands rock - Physically expands vent Increases in deformation signal a new eruptive episode |
Give 2 examples of monitoring methods for these shape changes. | Laser levelling GPS |
What does laser levelling involve? (Bonus: why may it be inconvenient?) | Using mirrors and sensors Requires access and a person |
What does GPS involve? (Bonus: what does it stand for?) | Global position systems Signals sent by: Sensors on flanks of volcano Satellites |
What else may be attempted to predict the scale of the eruption? | Assessing the size of the magma pluton A larger pluton or magma chamber indicates more lava so greater eruptive force |
How is the size of the magma pluton assessed? | Thermal imaging technology |
What measures may be put in place to help lessen the impact of a volcanic eruption? (Hint: there are 4) | Education and evacuation awareness Communication systems Establishing shelters Building concrete barriers |
In the early stages of an eruption what may be done to lessen its impact? (Hint: there are 2) (Bonus: give an example of a place where this technique was used) | Digging channels to divert magma Use water to cool lava quickly (Heimay eruption, Iceland) |
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