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| Question | Answer |
| Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm is a clear, gel-like substance found in all cells. Everything contained within a cell is found suspended in cytoplasm, except the nucleus, which is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. Cytoplasm helps rid cells of waste material, aids in cell respiration and helps convert glucose into energy. |
| Plasma Membrane | Controls the types and amounts of substances moving in/out of the cell. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, sorts & ships proteins and lipids for export or insertion into the plasma membrane. |
| Secretory Vesicle | Contains materials that are to be excreted from the cell. Can also store chemicals to be released when needed. |
| Mitochondrion (singular) Mitochondria (plural) | Produces Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) via cellular respiration. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | Makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | Modifies new polypeptide chains. Synthesises lipids. |
| Ribosomes | Found free in the cell and attached to the RER. Sites of protein synthesis. One ribosome is composed of a large and small subunit. (BBQ Ribs = source of protein) |
| Lysosomes | Digest and recycle materials within the cell. (Lyso - Lipo - stomach - digestion) |
| Peroxisomes | Lipid metabolism, chemical detoxification and oxidation reactions which break down fatty acids and amino acids. |
| Centrioles | Centres that produce and organise microtubules. Made of 9 sets of microtubule triplets. |
| Microtubules | Largest element of the cytoskeleton. Helps the cell resist compression. Provides a track along which lysosomes move through the cell. Pulls replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. |
| Microfilament | Keeps organelles in place within the cell. Also assists with cell movement. Made of a protein called actin which works with myosin to produce muscle movements, cell division, and cytoplasmic streaming. |
| Intermediate Microfilament | A component of the cytoskeleton. Contributes to cellular structural elements and are often crucial in holding together tissues like skin. |
| Nucleus | Stores the cell's hereditary material (DNA), and coordinates the cell's activities, including growth, metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell division. |
| Part of the Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope | The double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus. The nuclear membrane consists of two lipid bilayers - the inner nuclear membrane, and the outer nuclear membrane. |
| Part of the Nucleus: Nuclear Pores | Protein-lined channels (shown in yellow) in the nuclear envelope that regulate the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| Part of the Nucleus: Nucleolus | The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes. |
| Part of the Nucleus: Chromatin | Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Nuclear DNA does not appear in free linear strands; it is highly condensed and wrapped around nuclear proteins in order to fit inside the nucleus. |
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