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| Question | Answer |
| what are the types of joining processes in metal? | mig welding arc welding spot welding tig welding (MAST) |
| what are the types of joining processes in wood joints? | dovetail mortise and tenon finger corner bridle lap tongue and groove biscuit mitre, butt joints |
| what are the types of temporary joining processes in knock down joints? | cam fittings captive nuts block connectors corner plate barrel nut and bolts screw socket |
| what are the types of temporary joining processes in riveting? | solid pop |
| what are the types of temporary joining processes in screws? | self tapping screws nuts and bolts captive nuts |
| what are the 6 main types of construction in wood? | flat frame stool and table carcase or box slab construction |
| flat frame construction | joined to flat shapes such as doors window frames and picture frames |
| stool and table frame construction | supporting frame from legs and rails such as tables, chairs and stools |
| carcase or box construction | wooden planks are joined to make box shapes such as cabinets, drawers, tool boxes and bookshelves |
| dovetail joint | backs of drawers tapered shape to resist force applied to joints when drawer is in use strong decorative |
| mortise and tenon joint | chairs and tables no obvious sign on the outside |
| finger joints | easy(no dovetail type angles) strong(large gluing area) often in machine tools |
| plain bridle joint(corner) | frame constructions resistant to high sideways pressure |
| lap joint | strong(larger area being glued) less end grain show |
| dowel joint | easier than mortise and tenons rails or feet can be shaped to fit the curve of the legs before drilling holes for the dowels to be inserted. ensure accuracy dowels are made of hardwood called Ramin |
| tongue and groove joint | inserting biscuit dowels, splines or tongues between the edges often in machine tools large areas like table tops stay flat bc match the boards when gluing(reversing direction of the end grain on each alternate board so that any movement that may occur later across the boards will be evened out |
| mitre joint | neat(hidden end grain) strengthened by nailing or insetering splines of veneer into saw cuts across the joint |
| butt joint | quickest simplest not strong(needs dovetail nailing or dowels) |
| twin mortise and tenon joint | joins thick rails to wide legs or stiles twin tenon is stronger that single tenon in thick rails bc increased gluing area tenon has to be as thick as the gap between them used when a rail's side is joined into the face of a leg(pin tenons) |
| corner plate | used to secure legs on table |
| block connectors | 90degree joint used for cheap furniture and kitchen cabinets |
| barrel (nut and bolt) fitting | used in flat pack self assembly furniture |
| cam fitting | used in chip board flat pack furniture |
| screws | used to fit materials such as chipboard, MDF and natural woods both permanent and temporary joints |
| types of temporary joints | countersunk slot head raised head round head pazidrive chipboard self tapping |
| nuts and bolts | temporary used with wood plastic metal |
| machine screw, countersunk head(set screws) | used when heads needs to go below the surface of the work this screw is threaded along its entire length |
| wing nut | used when nuts need to be removed by hand |
| machine screw, hexagonal head | has thread that goes up to the head |
| coach bolts | joins wood shallow doomed head with square under it square bites into wood and stops the bolt from turning when being tightened. |
| hexagonal bolts | up to 15cm long 6-25mm in diameter square of hexagonal heads threaded for part of their length |
| hexagonal nuts | tightened with spanner washers should be with nuts to prevent damage to surfaces being joined |
| nylock nuts | used when other nuts vibrate loose nut firmly grips screws as it's tightened |
| washers | used under nut and other bolt heads spreads the load and protects surfaces from damage that may be tightening the nut or bolt |
| spring washers | help prevent nuts and bolts from coming off by viration |
| Rivets | permanent joint in metal available in aluminium, copper and steel |
| types of common rivet head shapes | round(snap) countersunk flat |
| bifurcated rivets | used for joining leather and plastic |
| pop/blind rivets | used when joining thin sheet metal advantage: can be set from one side only weaker than solid rivets bc of softer material and is hollow |
| pop riveting | used to join thin metal/plastic has pin and rivet pop rivet pliers are used to pull metal and plastic pieces |
| tpypes of glues and adhesives | PVA(polyvinyil acetate) contact (impact) adhesive synthetic resin glue(cascamite or aerolite) epoxy resin DIY all purpose adhesives cyanoacrylate superglue |
| PVA(polyvinyil acetate) | wood glue advtgs: strong water resistant doesn't stain disadvtgs: some brands aren't waterproof |
| contact (impact) adhesive | correct alignment is essential rubber based advtgs: clean quick to use no cramps are needed disadvtges: little or no time for repositioning ventilation is essential |
| synthetic resin glue(cascamite or aerolite) | used on wood strong waterproof powdered high quality and suitable for all furniture economical needs to be cramped 4-6h until set very hard and blunts tools |
| epoxy resin | water resistant sticks to almost everything expensive lasts for 2-3 days |
| DIY all purpose adhesives | strong clean not waterproof highly inflammable |
| cyanoacrylate superglue | clear liquid glue dangerous expensive for large areas debonder is available |
| hot-melt glue | clear glue glue gun not strong messy chills quickly |
| EMA liquid solvent cement/tensol 12 | water like consistency dries quickly |
| rigid polyesterene | can be joined with Liquid poly |
| safety for glue | many are flammable and give off toxic odour, so they should be used in well ventilated area. |
| tips on gluing | 1. surfaces must be clean, dry and grease free 2. key surfaces(roughen it) 3. pressure should be applied to joint while glue sets(G-cramp) 4.dry cramp before gluing 5. follow manufacturers instructions 6. check for squareness and correct assemblance. wipe of surplus. |
| soldering | permanent uses alloy which has a lower melting point than the metal, being used as a glue |
| flux | protect cleaned surface from oxidisation during heating break down surface tension of filler rod so that solder will run or flow into the joint |
| soft soldering | join electric wires, components and circuit boards and tinplate made of tin(60%), lead(40%) and melts at 400 degrees C |
| hard soldering | solders made of copper, zinc and silver alloys includes brazing and silver soldering |
| silver soldering | similar to brazing, but is stonger and melts at lower temperature used to join copper, brass and jewellery |
| types of welding | electric arc welding: faster than gas welding in steel oxy-acetylene welding: uses gas to produce intense heat |
| spot welding | used for thin sheets of metal such as car bodies by robots |
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