4711899
Description
Flashcards by Maddie McIntyre, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Maddie McIntyre
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define the term 'Taxonomy': | Taxonomy: the science of naming and grouping organisms in a manner which reflects their relationship in terms of evolution. |
| Define the term 'Classification': | Classification: the practice of placing organisms into taxonomic groups. |
| Define the term 'Nomenclature': | Nomenclature: Collection of rules and procedures for assigning organisms to taxonomic groups. |
| Define the term 'Phylogeny': | Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of an organism. |
| Define the term 'Systematics': | Systematics: The science concerned with the construction of phylogenies. |
| What is the primary goal of microbial classification? | To assign micro-organisms into groups containing evolutionarily-related organisms. |
| Name at least three different tools used by early researchers to classify bacteria before DNA: | 1. Morphology 2. Differential staining. 3. Motility. 4. Metabolism. 5. Habitat. 6. Pathogenicity. |
| Name six different Microbial habitats which are uninhabitable to other, higher, organisms: | 1. Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents. 2. Geothermal Springs. 3. Antarctic Sea Ice. 4. Salt Lakes. 5. Oil Spills. 6. Human Mouth |
| How many cells of bacteria, roughly, are found in the human body? | 10^14 to 10^15 (10% of our own weight) |
| What are the three major categories of Bacterial Morphology? | 1. Coccus 2. Bacillus 3. Spirilla |
| Is cell morphology a good predictor of the other properties of a cell? | No, but it is still important in diagnosis. |
| What shape are cells that have a 'coccus' shape? | Spherical or ovoid. |
| What shape are cells that have a 'bacillus' shape? | Cyclindrical or rod-shaped. |
| What shape are cells that have a 'spirilla' shape? | Rods that form spiral shapes. |
| What morphology are the bacteria in the image above? | Coccus |
| What morphology are the bacteria in the image above? | Bacillus |
| What morphology are the bacteria in the image above? | Spirilla |
| What are the four primary morphologies of bacterial colonies? | 1. Circular. 2. Irregular. 3. Filamentous. 4. Rhizoid. |
| What is the morphology of the bacterial colony in the image above? | Circular. |
| What is the morphology of the bacterial colony in the image above? | Irregular. |
| What is the morphology of the bacterial colony in the image above? | Filamentous. |
| What is the morphology of the bacterial colony in the image above? | Rhizoid. |
| Give one example of a single-rod (bacillus) bacterium: | Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacillus anthracis. |
| Give one example of a coccus bacterium: | Neisseria meningitidis. Streptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococcus aureus. |
| Give one example of a spirilla bacterium: | Treponema pallidum. Spirillum minus. |
| What are the three major lineages of microbial cells? | 1. Bacteria. 2. Archaea. 3. Eukarya. |
| Why was it seen as important to taxonomically organise micro-organisms? | If you can put micro-organisms into distinct groups, you can tell what kind of conditions they need to be cultured. |
| Who developed the original categories for the Taxonomic tree? | Swedish botanist Car Linnaeus (1707-1778). |
| What are the name of the two branches concerned with Prokaryotes? | 1. Bacteria. 2. Archaea. |
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