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Flashcards by Francois Prinsloo, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Francois Prinsloo
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT UNIT IA1 | •REASONS FOR MANAGENING HEALTH AND SAFETY. •INFLUENCE OF SOCIETY ON HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS AND PRIORITIES. •HSMS EFFECTIVENESS. •H&S PRACTITIONERS ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES. |
| REASONS FOR MANAGING HEALTH AND SAFETY IA1.1 | •MORAL OBLIGATION. •LEGAL OBLIGATION. •ECONOMIC OBLIGATION. |
| MORAL OBLIGATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY | We have a moral justification to make sure accidents don't happen. Supported by 6 principles. •REASONABLE CARE CONCEPT. •PUTTING PEOPLES H&S AT RISK UNACCEPTABLE. •ATTITUDE OF SOCIETY'S. •STATISTICS. •INDUSTIRES WITH HIGH RISK. •ACCIDENT/INCIDENT RATES EFFECTED BY SIZE OF ORGANISATIONS. |
| REASONABLE CARE CONCEPT | Expectation: •Employers take reasonable care and moral responsibility of employees to prevent harm to their health and safety. •Employees take reasonable care of each other and moral responsibility to not put themselves and other under unnecessary risk. |
| PUTTING PEOPLES H&S AT RISK UNACCEPTABLE | It is unacceptable to society to put people's health and safety at risk when at work for one's own profit because we have a moral obligation to minimise the risks by management taking a moral responsibility to prevent someone from getting hurt or ill. |
| ATTITUDE OF SOCIETY'S | Society demands a safe and healthy work environment without any harm to people, including major impacts on local and global communities from disasters. •Societal attitude fall into two parts: 1) Strategic is the influence that the general public would have towards specific hazards in the workplace that could affect them. 2) Local influence surrounding the acceptable and unacceptable practices of a specific organization. |
| STATISTICS | •Estimation by ILO that globally 2.34 Mil work-related deaths take place annually this accounts for 6300+ deaths every day. •Primary causes of fatalities are falling from heights, being struck by a vehicle and falling objects. |
| INDUSTRIES WITH HIGH RISK | High-risk industries must carry a stronger moral obligation towards managing health and safety effectively because the consequences of not doing so will certainly lead to fatalities and ill-health. |
| ACCIDENT RATES EFFECTED BY SIZE OF ORGANISATIONS | •In smaller organisations the accident/incident rate seems to be higher than in a larger organisation this could reflect that resources are limited to manage health and safety and also a willingness to take risks at the expense of meeting the moral obligation. |
| LEGAL OBLIGATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY | Civil, religious and criminal laws are very often used to reinforce moral reason to prevent harm in the workplace if it was not for these legislations employers would have no reason to act upon their moral obligation. Legal consequences of not taking moral responsibility may result into a preventive (enforcement notices), punitive (through criminal sanctions) and compensatory effects of the law. |
| PREVENTIVE (ENFORCEMENT NOTICES) | When there is a risk of serious personal injury to employees to prevent any occurrence that could cause loss, enforcers of state law have the power to issue enforcement notices (citations) for breaches of the law. Non-compliance to these notices could lead to criminal prosecution. |
| PUNITIVE (THROUGH CRIMINAL SANCTIONS) | By not complying to and breaching of state law an employer, corporate body, director, manager, supervisor or worker could be prosecuted in criminal court and either pay fines, face imprisonment or other criminal sanctions like communication of imprisonment in media, an injunction on people preventing them from holding a responsible office in an organisation can be imposed against them. |
| COMPENSATORY EFFECTS OF LAW | Under the "no faults" worker compensation system workers that were hurt at their workplace may claim by suing for a breach of statutory duty, negligence or in some cases for not following religious code/law. |
| PRINCIPLES OF SELF-REGULATION | •It's concerned with establishing rules of conduct and performance. •It goes beyond the minimum requirements of the law. •It's a complex arrangement concerning the welfare of workers not covered by specific requirements of the legislation. |
| ECONOMIC OBLIGATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY | •IMPACT ON SOCIETY AND ORGANISATIONS. •INSURED AND UNINSURED COSTS. •FINANCIAL BENEFITS OF POSITIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT. |
| IMPACT ON SOCIETY AND ORGANISATIONS | •Economic reasons for managing health and safety are considered to be powerful motivators. •When an organisation losing money through poor health and safety management they will have to answer to the board of stakeholders where losses are occurring. |
| INSURED AND UNINSURED COSTS | Over the years, it's been shown that uninsured costs are much higher than costs of insured premiums. |
| INSURED COSTS | •Employers Liability •Public/Third party Liability •Contractors all risk •Plant and building damage •Tools and equipment |
| UNINSURED COSTS | •Damage to product and materials •Emergency supplies •Delays in production •Overtime and temporary labour •Investigation time •Supervisor's time diverted |
| DIRECT COSTS | Costs that can be economically traced to a cost object •Lost time of injured worker •Property damage •Medical costs •Clean up after accident •Compentation costs •Court costs •Fines |
| INDIRECT COSTS | Costs that can't be economically traced to a cost object •Lost time by other workers - out of curiosity or out of sympathy •Weak morale •Lost time by supervisors - assisting the injured, investigating the cause of the accident, arrange for work to continue by employing temporary staff and training for replacement •Prepare reports, attend hearings and courts •Production failures, penalty payments and loss of bonuses |
| Financial benefits of a positive HSMS | Benefits of a working HSMS is the reward that you don't have to pay the unnecessary, indirect and uninsured cost meaning more resources are available to the stakeholders |
| INFLUENCE OF SOCIETY ON HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS AND PRIORITIES IA1.2 | •ECONOMIC CLIMATE •GOVERNMENT POLICY AND INITIATIVES •INDUSTRY/BUSINESS RISK PROFILE •GLOBALISATION OF BUSINESS •MIGRANT WORKERS •LEVEL OF SICKNESS ABSENCE AND INCAPACITY PRINCIPLE OF 'CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY' IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT |
| ECONOMIC CLIMATE | Good or bad economic times have a major influence on health and safety at the workplace, this could determine the decisions that government and organisation decide what their priorities are and whether too or not they would spend finances towards health and safety and work risks will be tolerant for them. |
| GOVERNMENT POLICY AND INITIATIVES | Very often when Governments need to introduce new legislation to improve health and safety at work, that is considered to be inappropriate or difficult to get agreement on by organisations they would provide support to their legislation with policies and initiatives to ensure that organisations are prepared for it and respond in the desired way. |
| INDUSTRY/BUSINESS RISK PROFILE | The risk profile of a country's business and industry is determined by the direct influence that high levels of manual tasks and high numbers of workers exposed to hazards have on the health and safety standards e.g. Textiles, countries engaged in high volume, low-profit manufacturing of textiles often exposes high numbers of workers to hazards those they have a high-risk profile than other manufacturers. |
| GLOBALISATION OF BUSINESS | With the ever increase acquisition and development of bussiness it has created international scale organisations that resulted in to bussiness globilisation. This means that organisation have grown to such a size that they now can influence governments and provide work or threaten to take it away. These organisations have the influence on governments to discourage improvements on health, safety, workers rights and welfare conditions. |
| MIGRANT WORKERS | Although unskilled migrant workers have contributed to the economy of many countries over the years, they often get exploited to do all the high-risk jobs, work long hours, lives in horrible conditions and most of the times have no access to good healthcare in the country they migrated to because they work without asking questions or complaints about the work they do for the prospect of living better lives somewhere else than in their own country. More often these workers would take more risks on the job to make more money those they do not adhere to health and safety standards. On the plus side, skilled migrant workers from developing country bring expectations of high standards of health and safety which encourage the development of higher health and safety standards. |
| LEVEL OF SICKNESS ABSENCE AND INCAPACITY | Where levels of sickness, absence and incapacity become significantly high this could influence the societies expectations of an organisations health. This is evident where the state as a form of society becomes the bearer of the cost that sickness, absences and incapacity can cause, particularly with highly skilled workers. |
| PRINCIPLES OF "CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY" | An organisation's good Corporate Social Responsibilities can have a positive impact on the wide world and can also improve the profitability and effectiveness of the organisation. An organisation cannot exist in isolation - their worker relies on them for their livelihood and clients for their products and services. Five principles: Workers, Suppliers, Customers, Local cummunity and the Impact on the environment. |
| WORKERS | An organisation can show responsibility towards workers by investing in health and well-being programmes not just to simply comply with legislation but doing more than what is required. |
| SUPPLIERS | Responsible organisations must take care when considering a supplier it is always better to use local suppliers because this uplifts the community and by using a supplier that pollutes the environment means that the organisation is just as guilty as the supplier they are using. |
| CUSTOMERS | It is important that an organisation be transparent with their clients about their products and services. A client has the right to know and asks about the product they acquiring and also the steps that the organisation took to be socially responsible. |
| LOCAL COMMUNITY | Socially responsible organisations involve their workers in working with the local community they would sometimes encourage their workers to volunteer in activities by offering a day's paid leave, this will improve help strengthening community relations. |
| IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT | By creating recyclable products and sourcing responsibly an organisation can reduce the impact on the environment. It includes: Using recycled materials, packaging minimisation, save fuel by building and buying locally, create an efficient distribution network and working with suppliers that take steps to minimise the impact on the environment. |
| HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IA1.3 | Definitions: Health, Safety, Welfare, and Environmental Protection. |
| DEFINITION OF HEALTH | "A state of well-being" - It is not merely the absence of diseases but also includes the physical and mental part that could have an effect on health that could be directly linked to safety and hygiene at work. |
| DEFINITION OF SAFETY | "Absence of physical dangers" The term could be described as the absence of danger to physical of people, but can be extended to damage to property like equipment and structures. |
| DEFINITION OF WELFARE | "Facilities of workplace comforts" The term welfare relates to the provision of workplace facilities that maintain the well-being and comfort of workers like eating places, toilet facilities, washing and first-aid. |
| DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | "A measure to prevent harm to the environment of the world" The term environmental protection relates to measures focusing on maintaining the general environment of the world. Focusing on the protection of plant life fauna and flora, animals, birds, marine life, quality of water, land and air. Although it does not focus on the protection of workers or other people they do benefit from a protected environment. |
| DEFINITION OF HAZARD | "Something that has the potential to cause harm (loss)" The potential to cause harm including ill-health or injury, property damage, plant, damage to product or the environment, production losses or increased liabilities. |
| DEFINITION OF RISK | "The likelihood of potential harm from a hazard realized" The likelihood that an undesired event could occur from a hazard realized during or by a work activity, products, and services from a work activity |
| DEFINITION OF DANGER | "Imminent contact with a hazard" |
| MAIN ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY SYSTEM | Part of an organisation management system used to develop and implement it's OH&S Policy and manage it's OH&S risks elements of an effective health and safety system: Management Commitment Policy Organizing Planning and Implementation Performance reviewing Auditing Continual Improvement |
| MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT | Effective health and safety management starts with management's commitment and their willingness to establish it as an aim in the organisation, it is essential that the top management, in particular, the senior manager is committed. It should also be visible throughout the levels of line management and could also be evident in the way that time and resources are allocated to the improvement of health and safety in their organisation. Communication of their commitment should also be evident in the company policy and objectives and targets. |
| Policy |
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