Flashcards
14.1 structure of ribonucleic acid
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1what is used to get the DNA code into the cytoplasm?RNA
- 2what does mRNA do?transfers DNA code from nucleus into cytoplasm
- 3why is mRNA used?it is small enough to pass through nuclear pores and enter cytoplasm
- 4what is the genetic code?the sequence of bases on mRNA
- 5why is the mRNA not identical to the DNA?it is complementary to it
- 6what is a codon?the sequence of three bases on the mRNA that codes for a single amino acid.
- 7what are the six main features of the genetic code?- each amino acid is coded by 1 codon
- a few a.a. only have one codon
the code is degenerate (most a.a. have more than one codon)
- three stop codons mark end of chain
- non-overlapping
- universal - 8what is each nucleotide in the RNA polymer made up of?- the pentose sugar ribose
- one of the organic bases (A, G, C or U)
- a phosphate group - 9what are the two types of RNA?messenger RNA and transfer RNA
(mRNA and tRNA) - 10what is mRNA structure?many mononucleotides in a long strand in a double helix.
- 11what happens once the mRNA has left the nucleus?it associates with ribosomes where it acts as a template for proteins to be built.
- 12how is mRNA structure suited to its functionpossesses correct sequences for specific polypeptides
is easily broken down so only exists whilst needed to make protein. - 13describe the structure of tRNAaround 80 nucleotides, single stranded chain folded into a clover with one end extending beyond the other where amino acids can attach. opposite end has an anticodon, each a.a. has its own anticodon
- 14what is the base replacement in RNA?Thymine (T) to Uracil (U).
- 15what can RNA link with?DNA or other RNA
- 16what happens at the anticodon during protein synthesis?anticodon pairs with complementary organic bases that make up the codon on the mRNA. A.a. attach to extended chain.
- 17how is tRNA adapted?lines up amino acids on the mRNA
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- A-Level A2 BIOL5 (14. genetic control of protein structure and function) Flashcards on 14.1 structure of ribonucleic acid, created by Charlotte Hewson on 08/03/2016.
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- Charlotte Hewson
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