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| Question | Answer |
| What are Kleshas? | Obstacles to liberation. The five reasons we are bound. Afflictions of the mind that prevent us from experiencing samadhi. These troubles, or afflictions, are known as the kleshas |
| The five klesha's are... | 1. Avidya (misknowing/ignorance) 2. Asmita (ego-identification) 3. Raga (attachment to pleasure) 4. Dvesa (aversion of unpleasant) 5. Abinivesha (fear of death) |
| 1. Avidya | Ignorance of your true identity, which is the Divine Self. Unreal cognition. Path of pleasures of the impermanent. One of the five Klesha's |
| 2. Asmita | Egoism. The 'I' feeling One of the five Klesha's |
| 3. Raga | Attachment to pleasure/pleasurable things. Likes. One of the five Klesha's |
| 4. Dvesa | Aversion to pain. Dislikes. Hatred. One of the five Klesha's |
| 5. Abhinivesah | Fear of Death. Clinging to the body. In Savasana we learn to let go of the body. One of the five Klesha's |
| What is Prana and what does it mean? | The life force. Pra = moving. Na = always Breath is the tool we use. The restraining or controlling of the normal movement of breath, in order to restrain or control prana |
| What does Pranayama practice? | Cleaning the 72000 nadis of the subtle body, vitalising the whole system. Being able to control and direct the prana. Final purpose = the awakening of cosmic consciousness |
| Prana circulates in 5 directions in the body, performing different functions. These are... | The five winds are 1. Prana vayu 2. Apana vayu 3. Samana vayu 4. Udana vayu 5. Vyana vayu |
| 1. Prana vayu | Diaphragm to throat (up) with the seat in the heart. Regulates breathing, heart rate, circulation, speech. |
| 2. Apana vayu | From navel to feet (down) regulates urination, giving birth, moondays |
| 3. Samana vayu | Between navel an diaphragm, balancing prana and apana vayu. |
| 4. Udana vayu | From base of throat up to top of head. Regulates coughing, swallowing, hiccup |
| 5. Vyana vatu | All directions, bringing prana to each cell |
| What does Kapalabhati and what does it mean? | Its a Pranayama Means Shining Skull Frontal brain (subtle perception) cleansing |
| What means Bandha? | Energy lock. To bind. Also 'bound' to go somewhere. The eye of the storm, the energy/prana is trapped and compressed towards the centre, then directed towards the next banda. |
| What are the 3 main bandha's? | 1. Mula bandha 2. Uddiyana bandha 3. Jalandhara bandha |
| 1. Mula bandha | Root lock. Lift the pelvic floor. Contract ur-anus. |
| 2. Uddiyana bandha | Flying up lock. Pull the navel in and lift diaphragm under ribcage. |
| 3. Jalandhara bandha | Neck lock. Bring the chest and chin together. |
| What is a Nadi? Name the 3 main ones | Subtle channel for the flow of prana (life force). The flow through the 72.000 nadis animates the physical body. 1. Subhuman Nadi 2. Pingala Nadi 3. Ida Nadi |
| Sushumna Nadi | The central energy channel. The nadi of fire. Along the spine. Prana travels up as Kundalini energy, awakening the 7 main chakras and uniting Pingala and Ina nadi in Ajna Chakra. |
| Pingala Nadi | Right Ha/sun/male channel |
| Ida Nadi | Left Tha/moon/female channel |
| Hatha Yoga | Working with the two energies, 2 main nadi's (Ha and Tha) uniting in Ajna chakra. Awakening Kundalini at base of spine. Rising up and piercing through the chakra's. Pressing it up by using the bandhas. Removing the Grantis (blockages). The 4th main path. Physical and purifying. |
| The yamas are practices that govern our behaviour towards others. There are five yamas... | Restraints / restrictions 1. Ahimsa (nonviolence) 2. Satya (truthfulness) 3. Asteya (nonstealing) 4. Brahmacharya (sexual relations for enlightenment not for enhancing ego) 5. Aprigraha (greediness) |
| 1. Ahimsa | Non-harming/violence (One of the Yamas, self restraints, things not to do) |
| 2. Satya | Truthfulness (One of the Yamas, self restraints, things not to do) |
| 3. Asteya | Non-stealing/giving back (One of the Yamas, self restraints, things not to do) |
| 4. Brahmacharya | 'Reaching for Brahman'. Sexual relations should have intention of moving towards enlightenment, should not be engaged in to enhance power of ego. Moderate with sex. Your body is your temple. You are sacred. (One of the Yamas, self restraints, things not to do) |
| 5. Aprigraha | Non-greediness. Live simple. (One of the Yamas, self restraints, things not to do) |
| Following the yamas are the niyamas, which show up in behaviour towards ourself. Again there are five... | 1. Shaucha (cleanliness) 2. Santosha (contentment) 3. Tapas (discipline, to burn) 4. Svadhyaya (self-study and meditation) 5. Ishvara-pranidhana (surrender to God) |
| 1. Shaucha | Purity or cleanliness. Your body is your temple. (One of the Niyamas, things to do, self observation) |
| 2. Santosha | Contentment. Accepting yourself as you are. (One of the Niyamas, things to do, self observation) |
| 3. Tapas | Austerity. Intense discipline. To burn/create heat. Can be physical, verbal and mental. Can cause transformation of the mind. (One of the Niyamas, things to do, self observation) |
| 4. Svadhyaya | Self-study. And study spiritual books. Letting go of 'I know'. Not analysing emotions. (One of the Niyamas, things to do, self observation) |
| 5. Ishvara-pranidhana | Surrendering to a higher power. Letting go of 'I do'. Bowing down/devotion to God. Letting go of your ego. (One of the Niyamas, things to do, self observation) |
| The eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga are... | 1. Yama (Do not) 2. Niyama (Do) 3. Asana (Steady posture) 4. Pranayama (Vital energy) 5. Pratyahara (Withdrawal of senses) 6. Dharana (Concentration) 7. Dhyana (Meditation) 8. Samadhi (Self realisation, union divine) |
| 1. Yama | Do not/Restraints. (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) Relationship with the outer world. Moral codes. (Ethical level) |
| 2. Niyama | Do/Observances (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) Relationship with our selves. Developments of positive personal aptitudes. (Ethical level) |
| 3. Asana | Postures (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) Relationship with the body. Rebalancing (Physiological level) |
| 4. Pranayama | Breath control. Directing vital energy. (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) Integration of breath with body and mind Rebalancing energy and emotions (Emotional and energetical level) |
| 5. Pratyahara | Withdrawal of the senses (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) We are entered within ourselves/Internal Overcoming distractions due to sensory activities (Sensory level) |
| 6. Dharana | Concentration (with effort) (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) Focussing of the mind to an object Development of mindful awareness and conscious attention (Mental level, conscious) |
| 7. Dhyana | Meditation (effortless) (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) Uninterrupted focussed attention of the mind to an object Inner attention focussed on an object, longer and at deeper levels (Mental level, unconscious) |
| 8. Samadhi | Enlightenment. Same as the highest. (One of the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga) Superconsciousness/Oneness Overcoming brain patterns beyond the mind. Nothing is needed anymore. Union between individual- & universal consciousness |
| Patanjali's Yoga Sutras Name the four chapters | 1. Samadhi - Theory, inspiration 2. Sadhana - Practice 3. Vibhuti - Accomplishments 4. Kaivalya - Cosmic, philosophical, absoluteness |
| Yoga Citta vrtti nirodah (YS 1:2) | Yoga is the stopping of the fluctuations of the mind. Yoga happens when the mind is still. Nirodah = Stopping of Vrtti = Fluctuations Citta = Mind Yoga = Union state |
| There are 5 Vrttis, what are they? (YS 1:5 & 6) | Mental modifications 1. Pramana - What you perceive through senses 2. Viparyaya - Misconception, illusion 3. Vikalpa - Hallucination, verbal delusion 4. Nidra - Sleep 5. Smrtiayaya - Memories |
| Abhyasa (YS 1:12) | Steady, continuous, watchful practice. Together with Vairagyam the two wings to control the Vrttis |
| Vairagyam (YS 1:16) | Non attachment (to the result of your practice/your actions). Colourless. Dispassion from anything that would lead one into avidya (ignorance/misknowing). 2 Levels: Higher (deeper stuff) and lower (easier) Together with Abhyasa the two wings to control the Vrttis. |
| Sthira sukham asanam (YS 2:46) | The posture is steady and comfortable |
| The seven main chakras are | 1. Muladhara Chakra 2. Svadhisthana Chakra 3. Manipura Chakra 4. Anahata Chakra 5. Visuddha Chakra 6. Ajna Chakra 7. Sahasrara Chakra |
| 1. Muladhara chakra | Root center Kundalini sleeping Basic needs Bija mantra LAM Colour Red Earth Smell |
| 2. Svadhisthana chakra | Sexual center Her favourite standing place Bija mantra VAM Colour Orange Water Taste |
| 3. Manipura chakra | Navel center Ego, willpower Digestion Bija mantra RAM Colour Yellow Fire Sight |
| 4. Anahata chakra | Heart centre From selfish to selfless Bija mantra YAM Colour Green Air Touch |
| 5. Visuddha chakra | Throat centre Hamsa Bija mantra HAM Colour Blue Sound Hearing |
| 6. Ajna chakra | Third eye Center of wisdom and intuition Bija mantra OM Colour Indigo Light |
| 7. Sahasrara chakra | Thousand petaled lotus Crown chakra Bija mantra OM Colour Violet Thoughts |
| Describe what chakras are | Energy centres, accumulating and storing prana. Wheels that regulate the body mechanisms Junctions where Pingala-, Ida- and Susumna nadi intersect |
| What is the object of Pranayama?(according to the Tantric texts) | To arouse Kundalini, the divine cosmic force, (lying dormant in the Muladhara chakra) in our bodies and make it go up the spinal column. Up to Saharara and there unite with the supreme soul. |
| What is Japa? | To repeat the name of God / a mantra 108 times (Mala often has 108 beads) Form of Bhakti yoga |
| What is Mantra? | Protective shield. Protector of the mind. Manas = to let the mind rest upon Tram = project That which keeps the mind steady and produces the proper effect |
| What is Atman? | The higher self. Pure consciousness. The indwelling witness. The unchangeable and eternal in man. The immortal. Atman is the I-AM, the God in the heart of all beings. |
| What is Ishvara | Cosmic consciousness, the all knowing intelligence. Omnipresent, omnipotent. You inner tutor/presence/being/self Intuition Guru, god, yourself = one |
| Ajapa- Japa | Contstant awareness Without mental effort |
| What is So Ham? | The mantra that always goes on It means: I am that So - inhale, Ham - exhale |
| Explain AUM | The sound of the universe, of Brahman. Vibration. The word expressive of Isvara Has no beginning and no end. A mantra. The 3 most basic sounds that a human can make. The primal sound, the Nadam. A - belly, U - chest, M - top of head, Silence |
| What is Purusha? | Pure spirit. The seer, the permanent self. |
| What is Prakriti? | Nature, body & mind. The seen, the Impermanent. Manifesting in 3 qualities, the 3 gunas: Sativa (lightness), Rajas (activity), Tamas (inertia). Role is to allow Purusha to experience the world. To break through illusion of Maya. |
| Ahamkara | A quality/compartment of the mind. The ego part of the mind. The maker of the 'I'. It labels info coming in through the senses with likes (Raga) and dislikes (Dvehsa). Works together with Manas and Buddhi |
| Jivan mukta | Liberated (from bondage) soul, whilst in the body. Enlightened to the true nature of being. Identifies with Brahman, not with body/mind. Reached equanimity. Jivan = Self, individual soul Mukta = Liberated Knows that joy is the goal. |
| What is Kriya Yoga? | Yoga that is attaint through Purification actions that cleanse the body & mind for Self-realization. The foundation to minimize klesas (obstacles): 1. Tapas 2. Svadhyaya 3. Ishvara-pranidhana |
| Yoga means...? | Yoga, from 'to yoke' = Union, of the individual- with the divine consciousness. Philosophy, processes, disciplines and practices about: Increasing self awareness. Union with God; Samadhi. |
| What is a Shatkarma? | Shatkarma kriyas are the 'six acts' for cleansing, said to bring balance to the body. Or actually to the dosha's (vata, pitta and kapha) that constitute the body. Clearing away clutter. Purifying. Removing ignorance, developing Viveka (discrimination) & Vairagya (detachment) |
| Name the Shatkarma kriiiiiyas | 1. Dhauti, cleansing and scrubbing 2. Basti, colon cleansing 3. Neti, nasal cleansing 4. Trataka, eye cleansing, focus on flame 5. Nauli, intestines stimulation, suck belly 6. Kapalabhati, skull shining, breath pumpings |
| There are 4 stages of consciousness, name them | 1. Waking, objective reality - Jagrat 2. Dreaming, subjective reality - Swapna 3. Deep sleep, unconsciousness - Sushupti 4. Consciousns beyond time&space - Turya Beautifully expressed in the word AUM. Each sound plus the silence representing the different states. Ego, Ego-Maya, Brahman, Atman |
| What are Gunas and name them | Qualities that make up the manifest world of nature. Inherent in Maya (illusory world). They do everything for us. Also we are all mixes of the three gunas until liberation. Sattva (lightness) Rajas (activity) Tamas (inertia) |
| What is Sattva? | One of the tree Gunas Lightness, purity, tranquility, goodness, balance, movement towards the inner. Binds with attachment to happiness or pleasure. |
| What is Rajas? | One of the tree Gunas Activity, passion, growth, change, evolution. Movement outward. Binds with attachment to activity. |
| What is Tamas? | One of the tree Gunas Darkness, inertia, heaviness, resistance, involution. Binds with attachment to delusion, ignorance (Avidya). |
| What are the main paths of yoga? | 1. Bhakti yoga - Devotion to God 2. Karma yoga - Yoga of action / service 3. Jnana - Yoga of wisdom, meditation, self reflection 4. Hatha yoga - The physical and mental practices Raja yoga/Ashtanga yoga - Royal yoga Includes them all |
| What is Brahma? | The creator. One God of the Hindu Trinity. Has 4 faces. |
| What is the meaning of Svaha? | To bow down to you inner teacher. To be the peaceful self, to be 'one with God'. You say it when you offer something. |
| What is Sadhana? | Conscious spiritual practice. Can be outer as well as inner. |
| Which factors contribute positively to Sadhana? | 1. Consistent practice over time 2. An intention focussed on God-realization 3. Faith that enlightenment is possible |
| Vedanta | Supreme knowledge. End/conclusions of the Veda's. +/- 800 B.C. Classical Philosophical school. Mystic teachings, all about self investigation. Brahman is the essential nature of each being. In Upanishads the knowledge of the veda's is distilled. |
| Explain Maya | Illusion. Energy. The mother of the material universe, world of forms, power to project. Measurement of something you cannot measure (eternity, infinite), limits and conceals. Just ideas existing in time and space. Curtain veiling the true nature of Brahman. |
| What is Nada Yoga? | The yoga of deep inner listening. Nada means sound. Sound, the essence of all energy. The first vibration, the unstuck sound. Feel music. An essential component of Hatha Yoga. |
| The Upanishads, tell something about them | Vedanta philosophy (Jnana yoga). End of the Veda's. Supreme knowledge, mystic teachings, distilled in the Upanishads. Non dualistic nature of God. All about to understand yourself. 3 characteristics: Unity behind diversity (oneness), free from dogma (all paths lead to the same), divinity of each soul (Atman). |
| Name 3 upanishads | Written circa 800 B.C. Before this book the wisdom was revealed to the rishis. There are 12 main Upanishads. Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna Mundaka Maitri |
| What is Brahman? | The eternal being, all pervasive, beyond. Oneness of existence. Big spirit. The spirit supreme. Bri = To deepen/to expand. 2 Meditations: 1. To deepen - inner consciousness 2. To expand - outer space Also Tadvanam; The end of love-longing, to understand & know yourself. |
| What is Samsara? | Being in the cycle of life, in the body. Keep coming back. The wheel of birth, growth and death. It means suffering the condition of individualisation. Goes on until liberation. |
| What are Granthi's? | Blocks/knots to the flow of prana that prevent kundalini from ascending toward enlightenment. (Brahma- , Vishnu- en Rudra Granthi) Part of the subtle body. |
| What is Karma? | Law of cause and effect. Any deed or thought that has an effect. What goes around comes around. What seeds are you planting? Non harming creates good karma. Good karma leads to eternal joy and happiness. |
| What is Samskara? | Impressions. Grooves etched onto the covering of the soul, by every karma or action taken. They come up as soon as you take action. Behavioural patterns. Unfulfilled desires. You can free yourself from it by being selfless and unattached. |
| What is Viveka? | Discriminate between the real (everlasting) and the unreal (passing). Seeing the difference. To rise above the superficial differences to the very essence. All that you see (Nature, Prakriti) isn't real, its changing. |
| What is buddhi? | A quality of the mind. The intellect. The inner wisdom. The part that knows, makes decisions. Instructing Manas and Ahamkara. |
| What is Sanatan Dharma? | The law/order of eternal righteousness. E.g. Water flows, fire burns. Universal truth. Based on the wisdom of the Vedas. Holy scriptures. |
| Explain the Trinity of Creation, Preservation and Destruction | Trimurti is a concept in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified by the forms of Brahma the creator (rajastic), Vishnu (sattvic) the preserver, and Shiva (tamasic) the destroyer/transformer. Ishvara / Brahman appears in these forms. |
| Vinyasa Krama What does it do to the muscles? | Synchronising the body to the breath is synchronising motor muscles with the respiratory muscles. The anatomical and the physiological body. |
| What is Anahatha Nadam? | The sound current running trough the nadi's. Can be restricted. The inner sound you can hear it after years of practice. |
| Name 3 types of Karma and explain them | 1. Sanchitta karma - past karmas. Stock of all lifetimes. 2. Parabda karma - present action, you work them out in this life 3. Agami karma - Future actions that will result from your present actions, what you are about to do |
| What is Manas? | A quality of the mind. The lower mind. Importing and exporting information of the senses. It just follows up instructions. Important that Buddhi coordinates Manas (and Ahamkara) well. |
| What is a mudra? | A gesture. Body position. A seal. On the energy level. |
| Explain Raja Yoga | Raja yoga/Ashtanga yoga - Royal yoga Eight limbed system of yoga, described in Patanjalis YS's. Goal is to purify body and mind, get free from Kleshas and attain Samadhi. Includes all other paths of yoga. |
| Name the main Hindu deities | 1. Brahma (creator) - Saraswati (knowledge) 2. Vishnu (preserver) - Lakshmi (wealth) 3. Shiva (destroyer) - Parvati (divine mother) Kali, Durga Ganesh (remover obstacles) son Shiv&Parv Rama (7th avatar Vishnu) - Sita aka Shakti Hanuman (inner potential) - Services Rama Krishna (8th avatar Vishnu) - Cowgirl Radha |
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