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Description
Flashcards by Kaitlyn Schrauwen , updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kaitlyn Schrauwen
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How does increasing the concentration of substrates or enzymes affect enzymatic activity? | increasing concentration increases the reaction rate to a point until all the enzymes/substrates are used up |
| Label the following numbers in the diagram shown. | 1. Reactants / Substrates 2. Enzyme 3. Substrates bind with the enzyme 4. Products 5. Enzyme -Substrate Complex |
| What is the optimum temperature for the human body? What is the pH level in the blood or mouth? | Body temperature: 37 Degrees pH level in blood/ mouth: 7 (neutral) |
| To which class do enzyme belong? | Proteins |
| Which of the following statements are true about enzymes? | Numbers 1, 3, 4 only. |
| Which factor will not affect the shape of an enzyme or its active site? | 2. Concentration. This will only increase or decrease the reaction rate until a point where all substrates/enzymes are currently being used. |
| What does the term "Homeostasis" mean? | Homeostasis is a set of processes that function to maintain a constant internal environment. |
| How do enzymes affect the metabolism? | enzymes speed up the metabolism by ensuring the reactions take place with low energy requirements and production (lower the activation energy) |
| What is a competitive inhibitor? | Competitive inhibitors bind the active site blocking the substrates which decreases the reaction rate. |
| How does increasing the enzyme concentration affect the enzyme activity? | increasing the concentration of the enzyme will increase the reaction rate until there isn't enough substrates to bind with. |
| How does changing in pH affect enzyme activity? | Changing the pH levels can cause the denaturation of enzymes, however, creating an ideal pH will create the ideal active site. |
| What are activated enzyme - substrate complexes? | Enzyme-substrate complexes occur when the substrate binds perfectly with the enzyme, which will create a product. |
| What is activation energy? | Activation energy is the energy required for a reaction to occur. |
| What are active sites? | Active sites are located on an enzyme where the substrate binds to form the E-S complex |
| What does the term Anabolism mean? | Anabolism is where the substrates bind together to form a single product |
| What makes enzymes denature? | Enzymes are sensitive to change. This includes changes in temperature, pH, heavy metal ions |
| What is negative feedback? | Negative feedback is the interaction between molecules when the concentration of the product is too high and therefore binds with the initial enzyme to slow its production. |
| How does the presence of enzymes affect its activation energy? | enzymes lower the activation energy thus enabling reactions to occur faster. |
| Without enzymes, the reactions necessary to sustain life would require________ in order to occur. | higher temperatures |
| What are non-competitive inhibitors? | non-competitive inhibitors combine with the enzyme in a different location other than the active site which distorts the shape of the enzyme |
| How does inhibitors affect the metabolism? | Inhibitors get in the way of enzymatic reactions. They prevent the E-S complex from forming effectively. |
| What are cofactors? | Cofactors are inorganic ions that assist in enzymatic reactions |
| What are coenzymes? | coenzymes are organic complexes containing vitamins that aid in enzymatic activity. |
| How do heavy metal ions affect the enzyme activity? | heavy metal ions grab electrons from the enzyme and disrupt the electron distribution , changing the active site. This also decreases the reaction rate. |
| What is catabolism? | Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to form two products using the E-S complex |
| What do substrates require in order to form the activated E-S complex? | Substrates require an active site on the enzyme, the correct orientation and enough energy for the reaction to occur. |
| What type of substance is a coenzyme? | Vitamin |
| What is the lock and key analogy? | In this analogy, the lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate, and that they fit perfectly together without any changes. |
| Describe the induced fit hypothesis. | The Induced Fit Hypothesis states that the binding of a substrate or some other molecule to an enzyme causes a change in the shape of the enzyme so as to enhance or inhibit its activity. |
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