8B - Plants and their reproduction

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Flashcards on 8B - Plants and their reproduction, created by Shaz Lee on 21/05/2016.
Shaz Lee
Flashcards by Shaz Lee, updated more than 1 year ago
Shaz Lee
Created by Shaz Lee over 8 years ago
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Question Answer
How do you classify organisms into groups? We use different characteristics of organisms
What is the largest group of classification called? Kingdom
Animals No cell walls, multicellular (many cells), feed on other organisms
Plants Cell walls made of cellulose, multicellular, make their own food
Fungi Cell walls contain chitin, mostly multicellular, lives on dead organisms
Protoctists Mostly unicellular (made of one cell)
Prokaryotes Cells have no nucleus, unicelluar
Flowering plants Roots, xylem tissues, flowers, larges flat leaves. Do not have cones.
Conifers Roots, xylem tissues, cones, needle-shaped leaves. Do not have flowers.
Ferns Roots, xylem tissues. Do not have flowers or cones
Mosses Thin leaves that lose water. Do not have roots or xylem tissues.
The classification order Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Why is it useful to use the scientific name of a species? The name can show the genus and the species. It can also be used by that name with scientists around the world who speak different languages.
Biodiversity Habitats containing many different species have greater biodiversity.
Extinct When an organism dies out completely
Sexual reproduction It occurs when tow organisms breed and produce new organisms. Members of the same species can reproduce sexually to produce offspring that can also reproduce sexually
Hybrid Members of two different species cannot usually reproduce, but if they do, the offspring are called hybrids. Hybrids cannot reproduce sexually; they are not fertile.
Inherited variation Sexual reproduction produces offspring that do not look identical to their parents; they have some characteristics from one parent and some from the other. These characteristics are inherited and so variation in these characteristics is called inherited variation.
What happens in sexual reproduction? In sexual reproduction, the parents produce sex cells or gametes. A male gamete and a female gamete join together to form a zygote.The gametes carry the instructions for making a new organism, but each and every gamete made by a patent contains slightly different instructions for
Why does the offspring not look identical to their sibling? The gametes carry the instructions for making a new organism, but each and every gamete made by a parent contains slightly different instructions for characteristics. This means that different offspring with the same parents will vary, and not look identical
Asexual reproduction This type of reproduction does not need gametes. Instead, part of the parent plant forms a new plant. this means that the offspring will be identical to the parent
Name 3 types of asexual reproduction Runners, tubers, take a cutting
Pollen grains Each pollen grain contains a male gamete. Pollen grains ripen inside an anthers, which then split open. The grains are carried away and transferred to the stigmas
Pollination The pollen grains are carried away and transferred to the stigmas of other flowers
Name 4 types of ways pollination can be carried out Animals, wind, water, explosion
What properties must plants with animal pollination have? Flowers with petals, scent, colour, nectar
Cross pollination When pollen is transferred from one plant to a different plant of the same species
Self pollination When pollen is transferred from a flower on a plant to a stigma in the same flower or to another flower on the same plant
Fertilisation An egg cell and the male gamete from the pollen grain join together and their nuclei fuse into one. Forms a zygote
What needs to start cell division? The water allows the cells in the embryo to swell up and start cell division. It softens the seed coat too, allowing the embryo to grow through it.
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