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| Question | Answer |
| dynamic equilibrium | the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the backwards reaction. concentrations of the reactants and products are constant. |
| homogeneous | when all the products and reactants have the same state. |
| heterogeneous | when all the products and reactants have different states. |
| reversible reaction | reactants form products and products form reactants. |
| le chateliers principle | any system in dynamic equilibrium will oppose ant change imposed on it. |
| catalyst | speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up itself by providing an alternative route and lowering the activation energy. |
| activation energy | minimum amount of energy to start a chemical reaction. |
| dynamic equilibrium: temperature | increase= favours endothermic decrease=favours exothermic endo=()H positive- forward will=endo/left exo=()H negative- forward will=exo/right |
| dynamic equilibrium: pressure | *only affects gases* increase=favours side with fewest moles to decrease pressure decrease=favours side with most molecules to increase pressure |
| dynamic equilibrium: concentration | increase reactants, shift right to decrease concentration decrease products, shift right to increase concentration increase products, shift left to decrease concentration |
| dynamic equilibrium: catalysts | no effect on the equilibrium because they speed up the forward and reverse reaction by the same amount |
| dynamic equilibrium: yield | equilibrium shifts right= more products = more yield equilibrium shifts left=less product= less yield |
| equilibrium constant (Kc) Kc rules | if there are more products than reactants Kc= bigger than 1 more reactants than products Kc= smaller than 1 equilibrium= half way between R and P Kc= 1 |
| what affect will adding a catalyst have on the rate of reaction (3 marks) | 1. increase 2.as a catalyst lowers the activation energy a greater proportion of particles possess an energy greater than the Ea. 3. therefore more collisions will be successful |
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