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Description
Flashcards by samanthahadley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by samanthahadley
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is COPD? | A chronic condition characterised by reduced airflow. |
| What conditions does COPD include? | - Emphysema - Chronic bronchitis - Chronic obstructive asthma |
| There are three cardinal symptoms of COPD. What are they? | - Dyspnea (most common early symptom is exertional dyspnea) - Chronic cough - Sputum production |
| When is airway disruption not considered COPD? | If it can be completely reversed for example by an inhaler. |
| What is emphysema? | An abnormal and permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. Airspace walls are also destroyed. |
| What do alveoli look like in emphysema? | They look blown up |
| What condition commonly co-exists with emphysema? | It commonly co-exists with chronic bronchitis |
| What is chronic bronchitis? | A chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of two successive years. In patients where other causes have been excluded. |
| What is chronic obstructive asthma? | Bronchial inflammation with features of both asthma and chronic bronchitis/ emphysema present. |
| Asthma is characterised by..? | Chronic inflammation |
| Asthma is defined by a history of what respiratory symptoms? | - Wheezing - Shortness of breath - Chest tightness - AND a cough that varies over time but is reversible. |
| How much of of COPD is related to smoking? | 85% of cases is due to tobacco smoking |
| What are modifiable risk factors of COPD? | - Tobacco smoking - Exposure to organic/ inorganic dust - Exposure to fumes |
| What are the primary interventions of COPD? | Prevention measures such as: - Smoking cessation - identification and avoidance of environmental risks. |
| What are secondary interventions for COPD? | - Early intervention/ dx of COPD - Use of meds to prevent future events - Optimise existing function |
| How can you optimise existing function in dx COPD? | Through exercise, education and nutrition. |
| What are tertiary interventions for COPD? | - Pulmonary rehabilitation - Palliative care - Oxygen treatment |
| How many ways do COPD patients typically present? | Three ways |
| What are the three ways COPD patients typically present? | - Sedentary lifestyle with few complaints - With respiratory symptoms c/o dyspnea and chronic cough - With episodes of increased cough, purulent sputum, wheezing, fatigue and intermittent dyspnea. May have a fever |
| As COPD severity increases what may the physical examination reveal? | - Hyperinflation (increased resonance to percussion) - Decreased breath sounds - Wheezes - Crackles at lung bases - And/ or distal heart sounds |
| What are features of severe COPD? | - Increased anteroposterior diameter of chest ("barrel shaped") - Depressed diaphragm w/ limited movement. |
| How do those with end stage COPD relieve dyspnea? | Some patients may adopt positions that relieve dyspnea. e.g. leaning forward w/ arms outstretched and weight supported on palms or elbows. |
| What does clubbing of the fingers suggest in those with COPD? | It is not typical in COPD. Suggests comorbidities such as lung cancer, or bronchiectasis. |
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